Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to rise in the coming decades. Rising atmospheric CO 2 levels may alter plant-insect-parasitoid associations due to the indirect effects of CO 2 enrichment on phytochemicals important for herbivore and parasitoid nutrition. Tritrophic effects of elevated CO 2 on Bt cotton (GK-12) and non-transgenic (Simian-3, or S3) cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae)], Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and its parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), were examined in open-top chambers. Significantly, longer egg-adult developmental duration and higher mortality of nymphs were observed under elevated CO 2 concentrations on both cotton cultivars during three successive generations. However, no significant differences were found in adult longevity, offspring sex ratio, and the number of eggs laid per female adult of B. tabaci fed on transgenic (GK-12) or non-transgenic cotton (S3) grown under elevated CO 2 . Abundance of B. tabaci adults increased from 10 to 120 per plant and then decreased to 40 per plant through the growing season, but no significant differences in density occurred between CO 2 treatments and between cultivar treatments. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the developmental duration, parasitization rate, and adult emergence rate of E. formosa after parasitizing B. tabaci for three successive generations. Our results showed that the effects of transgenic Bt cotton did not significantly affect the development, survivorship, life span, or fecundity of B. tabaci and its parasitoids. Moreover, interactions between B. tabaci and E. formosa were not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 . These results suggest that the biological control of B. tabaci by E. formosa would not be influenced by transgenic Bt cotton and/or elevated CO 2 , indicating that the current risk management strategy regarding B. tabaci outbreaks and biocontrol by E. formosa will remain effective if the atmospheric CO 2 level continues to rise.

Environmentally friendly metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable attention for their potential use as heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, two CuI‐based MOFs, namely, [Cu4Cl4L]⋅CH3OH⋅1.5 H2O (1‐Cl) and [Cu4Br4L]⋅DMF⋅0.5 H2O (1‐Br), were assembled with new functionalized thiacalix[4]arenes (L) and halogen anions X− (X=Cl and Br) under solvothermal conditions. Remarkably, catalysts 1‐Cl and 1‐Br exhibit great stability in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range. Significantly, MOFs 1‐Cl and 1‐Br, as recycled heterogeneous catalysts, are capable of highly efficient catalysis for click reactions in water. The MOF structures, especially the exposed active CuI sites and 1D channels, play a key role in the improved catalytic activities. In particular, their catalytic activities in water are greatly superior to those in organic solvents or even in mixed solvents. This work proposes an attractive route for the design and self‐assembly of environmentally friendly MOFs with high catalytic activity and reusability in water.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare malignant tumor of the hemopoietic system that arises from plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors with a highly aggressive course. BPDCN frequently involves the skin, lymph nodes, peripheral blood and bone marrow. BPDCN is known to develop leukemic dissemination as a feature of myelomonocytic leukemia in the late phase of the disease, which leads to a poorer prognosis. In the present study, a case of BPDCN with leukemic manifestation without cutaneous involvement was reported. In addition, ETS variant gene 6 (ETV6) gene rearrangement was detected in the patient. The patient relapsed soon after complete remisson and had no response to further treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of BPDCN with ETV6 rearrangement. Following chemotherapy treatment, the patient suffered from severe headache in the complete remission stage; however, brain CT scans showed no significant abnormalities. Several lumbar punctures and intrathecal chemotherapy were performed, and the patient recovered gradually. Therefore, the patient was considered to suffer from central nervous system leukemia. In conclusion, implementation of lumbar punctures and preventive intrathecal chemotherapy are required in BPDCN patients with leukemic manifestation during the remission stage.

Galectin-3 plays an increasingly important role in development and progression of tumor. However, little is known about the clinical impact of galectin-3 in non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (non-M3 AML). Peripheral blood of 298 patients with primary non-M3 AML and 30 normal donors was collected for measurement of galectin-3. Galectin-3 levels were significantly higher compared with the control group (p < .001). Patients with higher galectin-3 levels had lower CR rates (p = .001) and 1-year overall survival (OS) rates (p = .002). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that higher galectin-3 levels group had significantly shorter OS. Cox regression model revealed high galectin-3 level was an independent poor prognostic factor. A scoring system incorporating galectin-3 and other prognostic factors (age, WBC, karyotype, NPM1/FLT3-ITD, CEBPA and c-KIT, WT1) was formulated to predict prognosis. In conclusion, galectin-3 may be a reliable prognostic marker in AML patients. The multifactorial scoring system was more powerful than a single factor to predict clinical outcome.