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Since our tactile mouse can generate not only distributed pressure but also slippage force, it is expected that it can enhance the reality degree of virtual reality generated by it compared to conventional tactile displays. In previous works, this tactile mouse was effective for edge tracing of virtual figures. However, advanced tests are required using psychophysical experiments to evaluate this tactile display. In this paper, four virtual relief-like figures, a triangle, square, pentagon and circle, are presented using the tactile mouse. These virtual figures have a constant height of around 1 mm against the background. To evaluate the effectiveness of combined presentation of pressure and slippage, not only pressure but also tangential force is generated on the tactile pad on which an operator puts his finger in combined presentation tests when the mouse cursor travels on the figure. In a series of experiments, five male subjects judge which figure is presented. It is found that the percentage of correct answers is increased in the combined presentation when the circle and pentagon are presented. Therefore, the combined presentation provides plain virtual sensation to allow the operator to more easily understand the sensation.

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This paper presents the illumination design of a real-time live-bird imaging system for determining the size and initial presentation of a bird on a moving conveyor. A real-time live-bird imaging system presents a challenging design problem, for it must minimize the variability of the birds’ visual reflexes to mechanical processes, it must account for variations in bird size/shape/color, it must meet the cycle-time requirement, and yet provide an adequately illuminated environment to ease human supervision. In this paper, we first identify the variables needed for motion prediction. Second, by analyzing the bird visual perception we have developed a two-stage structured illumination that has the potential to minimize the demand on the control efforts of the transfer system, and to improve birds’ welfare and the ultimate product quality. Finally, we present the image algorithms and experimental results of the design evaluation using live birds. It is expected that the design principles presented in this paper provide essential bases for motion analysis, prediction, and control of an automated live-bird transfer process.