This work developed a simple and efficient method to covalently functionalize black phosphorus nanoflakes (BPNFs) with carbon free radicals from azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) molecules. BPNFs after successful modification (BPNFs-AIBN) not only had good stability in air and aqueous solution, but also still maintained good optical properties.

The charge transfer is a key issue in the development of efficient photoelectrodes. Here, we report a method using F-doping and dual-layer ultrathin amorphous FeOOH/CoOOH cocatalysts coupling to enable the inactive α-Fe2O3 photoanode to become highly vibrant for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Fluorine doping is revealed to increase the charge density and improve the conductivity of α-Fe2O3 for rapid charge transfer. Furthermore, ultrathin FeOOH was deposited on F–Fe2O3 to extract photogenerated holes and passivate the surface states for accelerated charge carrier transfer. Moreover, CoOOH as an excellent cocatalyst was coated onto FeOOH/F–Fe2O3 with the photoassisted electrodeposition method remarkably expediting OER kinetics through an optional pathway of holes utilized by Co species. Ultimately, the CoOOH/FeOOH/F–Fe2O3 photoanode exhibits a satisfactory photocurrent density (3.3-fold higher than pristine α-Fe2O3) and a negatively shifted onset potential of 80 mV. This work showcases an appealing maneuver to activate the water oxidation performance of the α-Fe2O3 photoanode by an integration strategy of heteroatom doping and cocatalyst coupling.

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheet/carbon nanotube hybrids are prepared. This metal-free catalyst exhibits remarkable catalytic performance for both OER and ORR in 0.1 M KOH solution.