Clin Invest Med 2010; 33 (5): E290-E297. AbstractPurpose: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are complex diseases affected by both dietary intake and genetic background. Whether N-5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and dietary components folate and vitamin B12 are associated with MS in Asian has not been determined. Methods: We hypothesized that MTHFR gene C677T, folate, vitamin B12 and hs-CRP are associated with MS and factors related to MS in northern Han Chinese. To test this hypothesis, MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP, serum insulin, folate and vitamin B12 levels by radioimmunoassay, and hs-CRP by immunoturbidimetry in newly diagnosed T2DM patients with MS (118) and without MS (40), and in 55 healthy subjects. Results: Results indicated that MS-associated T2DM accounts for 75% of newly diagnosed T2DM in Han Chinese. Serum hs-CRP was higher and serum vitamin B12 was lower in subjects with TT genotype in comparison with those with CC or CT genotypes. Total T frequency was significantly higher in MS-associated T2DM patients (45.3%) compared to 26.3% in non-MS-associated T2DM patients. MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and vitamin B12 levels were associated with MS-associated T2DM. Conclusion: MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism may contribute to insulin resistance in Han Chinese with MS by increasing hs-CRP and decreasing vitamin B12, and consequently play an important role in development of MSassociated T2DM. List of Abbreviations

Aim:To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adults in southeast China. Patients & methods: A crosssectional survey was conducted by using a two-stage probability sampling design according to socioeconomic levels, sex and age in an urban representative sample of 11,877 Chinese adults aged 20-81 years in Shaoxing (Zhejiang, China) between 1998 and 2010. During 2011 and 2012, 11,620 subjects were thoroughly followed up with 93.5% in participation rate versus 99.0% in 2011 and 98.8% in 2012. Results: The observed prevalence of dyslipidemia, according to the recent National Cholesterol Education Programme guidelines, at baseline examination was 27.53% compared with 29.27% in 2011 and 31.35% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The age-adjusted prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with age, with a significance in males. The relative risk of developing dyslipidemia was significantly higher in those who were overweight/obese, had high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. This suggests that aggressive goals and screening programs for population-based dyslipidemia among middle-age people in southeast China are needed.KEYWORDS: dyslipidemia n hypercholesterolemia n hyperlipidemia n hypertriglyceridemia n prevalence

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Lipoapoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta), a vital regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, may reduce fatty acid-induced pancreatic β cell lipotoxicity in diabetes. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of activation of PPARdelta on palmitate-induced β cell apoptosis, and we explored the potential mechanism of the antiapoptotic effect. The cell apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation analysis and Hoechst 33342 staining. The expressing of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in INS-1 cells was assessed by Western blotting, quantification of PCR, and was further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The potential of PPARdelta to interact with homologous PPRE in the GLP-1R gene was determined by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Our results showed that exposure of INS-1 cells to palmitate for 24 h caused a significant increase in cell apoptosis, which was inhibited by GW501516. PPARdelta exerted anti-apoptotic effects in pancreatic β cells via the PI3 K/PKB/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Moreover, PPARdelta upregulated the GLP-1R expression under lipotoxic conditions. The ChIP assay revealed a direct binding of PPARdelta to a noncanonical PPRE motif of the GLP-1R gene in INS-1 cells. Our study suggested that the anti-apoptotic action of PPARdelta may involve its transcriptional regulation of GLP-1R and PI3 K/PKB/FoxO1 signaling. GW501516 and possible other GW-based strategies may confer additional benefit beyond improved glycemic control.