Since the discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the choice of SERS-active materials has been limited mainly to metals, especially gold and silver in the visible spectrum. Although non-metals can also be SERS-active by forming nanostructures or composite structures with SERS-active materials, the mechanism behind it is still unclear and there is no perfect technique to study it. In this work, by constructing a SERS structure on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane film, we provide a way to study the effect of non-metallic nanostructures on Raman enhancement by attaching the above film onto flat and nanostructured surfaces. It was found that a nanoporous silicon surface contributes to an additional, up to five times, Raman enhancement. The pore depth and pore size also influence the observed Raman enhancement. These findings will help us not only to understand the mechanism of SERS involving non-metallic nanostructures, but also to design more efficient SERS structures for various applications.
Single and a few atomic-layer molybdenum
disulfide (MoS2) is a promising material in the fields
of hydrogen generation, battery,
supercapacitor, and environmental protection, owing to the outstanding
electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. Although many approaches
have been developed for exfoliation of MoS2 sheets, it
is still essential to develop simple, convenient, and environmental
friendly exfoliation methods. More importantly, the microscopic exfoliation
process and the mechanism are still not clear, limiting a deeper understanding
of the exfoliation. Herein, we develop a convenient and clean method
for exfoliation of the 2H phase MoS2 (2H-MoS2) deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. Importantly, the
exfoliation process is observed directly and continuously under an
optical microscope to reveal the detailed exfoliation process and
mechanism. As illustrated, the light illumination triggers the exfoliation
of the 2H-MoS2 sheets, and the presence of water is essential
in this exfoliation process. The light intensity and wavelength, humidity,
and bias all affect the exfoliation process obviously. The exfoliation
is caused by the vaporization of the water molecules intercalated
in 2H-MoS2 interlayers. By using this method, 2H-MoS2 nanosheets with different thicknesses are prepared on the
ITO substrate, and microscopic catalysis mapping of the exfoliated
sheets is demonstrated with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy,
revealing that the prepared thin-layer 2H-MoS2 nanosheets
show improved electrocatalysis activity (roughly 20 times). Our work
will not only help deepen the understanding of exfoliation process
of two-dimensional nanosheets but also provide an effective tool for
the in situ study of various properties of the exfoliated
sheets.
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