This genus contains both phototrophs and nonphototrophic members. Here, we present a high-quality complete genome of the strain CHu59-6-5 T , isolated from a freshwater sediment. The circular chromosome (4.39 Mbp) of the strain CHu59-6-5 T has 64.4% G+C content and contains 4240 genes, of which a total of 3918 genes (92.4%) were functionally assigned to the COG (clusters of orthologous groups) database. Functional genes for denitrification (narGHJI, nirK and qnor) were identified on the genomes of the strain CHu59-6-5 T , except for N 2 O reductase (nos) genes for the final step of denitrification. Genes (soxBXAZY) for encoding sulfur oxidation proteins were identified, and the FSD and soxF genes encoding the monomeric flavoproteins which have sulfide dehydrogenase activities were also detected. Lastly, genes for the assembly of two different RND (resistance-nodulation division) type efflux systems and one ABC (ATP-binding cassette) type efflux system were identified in the Rhodoferax sediminis CHu59-6-5 T . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences and Average Nucleotide Identities (ANI) support the idea that the strain CHu59-6-5 T has a close relationship to the genus Rhodoferax. A polyphasic study was done to establish the taxonomic status of the strain CHu59-6-5 T . Based on these data, we proposed that the isolate be classified to the genus Rhodoferax as Rhodoferax sediminis sp. nov. with isolate CHu59-6-5 T .

A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strains PB105 and PB108 isolated from a grass soil in Korea. The cells of the strains were Gram-stain negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, and rod-shaped. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed a clear affiliation of these strains with Bacteroidetes, which showed high pairwise sequence similarities with Hymenobacter algoricola VUG-A23a (99.2%), Hymenobacter fastidiosus VUG-A124a (97.4%), and Hymenobacter daecheongensis Dae14 (96.9%). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Hymenobacter. The major fatty acids were identified as C iso, C anteiso, C ω5c, C iso 3-OH, C iso 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C ω6c and/or C ω7c/t), and summed feature 4 (C anteiso B and/or C iso I). The major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, and two unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7 and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 64.5 mol% for strain PB105 and 64.1 mol% for strain PB108. DNA-DNA hybridization value of type strain PB105 with H. algoricola VUG-A23a was 32.3% (reciprocal 39.2). Based on the combined genotypic and phenotypic data, we propose that strains PB105 and PB108 represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PB105 (= KCTC 52579 = JCM 31885).

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A novel non-phototrophic member of the genus Rhodoferax was obtained from freshwater. The purpose of this study was to analyse the genome of a nonphototrophic strain and propose a new species based on its phylogenetic, genomic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences supports that the strain, designated Gr-4T, has a close relationship to the genus Rhodoferax . The observed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain Gr-4T and its closest related strains were 72.3–74.6 % and 21.9–22.8 %, respectively. These values were much lower than the species separation thresholds for ANI or dDDH of 95–96 and 70 %, respectively, and in fact fall in the intergeneric range. Strain Gr-4T does not contain RuBisCO-related genes, but does contain GS/GOGAT pathway-related genes enabling nitrate ammonification. A polyphasic study and a genomic-level investigation were done to establish the taxonomic status of strain Gr-4T. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic and physiological differences, it is proposed that the isolate be classified to the genus Rhodoferax as Rhodoferax aquaticus sp. nov. with isolate Gr-4T (=KCTC 32394T=JCM 19166T) as the type strain.

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