The structures and local environments of boron species in B-doped and (B, N)-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts have been investigated by solid-state 11B NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Up to seven different boron sites were identified in the B-doped anatase TiO2, which may be classified into three categories, including interstitial, bulk BO3/2 polymer, and surface boron species, and has been supported by results obtained from FT-IR and XPS spectroscopy as well as from DFT calculations. Two types of interstitial borons, namely the tricoordinated (T*)- and pseudotetrahedral-coordinated (Q*) borons, were observed in addition to the two types of bulk BO3/2 polymer and three types of surface B, in good agreement with experimental data. Further density of state analyses revealed that, compared to undoped TiO2, the T* species in boron-doped TiO2 are solely responsible for the observed increase in energy band gap, whereas the presence of Q* species tend to lead to a decrease in band gap and hence are more favorable for the absorption in the visible-light region. In comparison with B- and N-doped TiO2, (B, N)-codoped TiO2 tends to exhibit a much higher visible-light photocatalytic activity for the oxidation of rhodamine B. Accordingly, a photochemical mechanism of the (B, N)-codoped TiO2 under visible-light irradiation is proposed.
Body weight significantly decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes who received different dosages of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with patients who received a placebo. Moreover, in patients treated with dapagliflozin, there was a statistically significant dosage-dependent trend in body weight reduction.
Aims/IntroductionTo evaluate whether there is disparity of the efficacy and all‐cause mortality and other adverse effects between Asian and non‐Asian patients with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors treatment.Materials and MethodsRandomized clinical trials publicly available before January 2017, comparing SGLT2 inhibitors treatment with a placebo in type 2 diabetes patients were identified. The association between treatment and outcomes was estimated by computing the weighted mean difference for glycated hemoglobin level, blood pressure level, lipid profile levels and bodyweight, and the odds ratios for adverse events.ResultsA total of 17 trials with Asian patients were included and 39 trials with non‐Asian patients were included. Comparison of the glycated hemoglobin decreases corrected by a placebo between Asian and non‐Asian patients showed that there was a non‐significant difference of 0.05% between groups (P > 0.05). Comparisons of the bodyweight changes and blood pressure changes corrected by a placebo between Asian and non‐Asian patients did not show a significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The risk of all‐cause mortality was not increased when compared with a placebo both in Asian and non‐Asian populations, and the risk of genital infection in Asian and non‐Asian populations were both significant increased.ConclusionsOverall, according to the present meta‐analysis, comparison of the efficacy in SGLT2 inhibitors treatment between Asian and non‐Asian type 2 diabetes patients showed no significant difference in glycated hemoglobin reduction and bodyweight reduction. Furthermore, no disparity was found in the risk of all‐cause mortality or hypoglycemia in SGLT2 inhibitors treatment between Asian and non‐Asian patients.
Compare with non-smokers, the risk of diabetic retinopathy significantly increased in smokers with type 1 diabetes while significantly decreased in smokers with type 2 diabetes. However, this result did not change the importance of smoking cessation for public health.
ZSM-5 zeolites, Ga modified via different
methods (in situ hydrothermal
synthesis, mechanical mixing, incipient wetness impregnation, solid-state
ion exchange, and liquid phase ion exchange), were systematically
investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS), 29Si, 27Al, and 71Ga magic-angle
spinning (MAS) NMR, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction
(H2-TPR). It is important to prove that both impregnation
and liquid phase ion exchange could facilitate the incorporation of
Ga species into the framework in addition to in situ hydrothermal
synthesis. The liquid phase ion exchange method drove part of the
Ga species into the framework, and it was further migrated into the
framework by drying, while the incipient wetness impregnation method
promoted part of the Ga species into the framework only during the
calcination process. In the n-heptane catalytic aromatization
procedure on the fixed bed, Ga modified ZSM-5 by in situ hydrothermal
synthesis showed the highest benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
(BTEX) selectivity, owing to the increased strong Lewis acidic sites
and mesopore volumes induced by the framework Ga species.
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