Epilepsy is a serious public health problem in the world. At present, over 30% of affected patients remain refractory to currently available treatment. Medicinal plants as pharmaceuticals and healthcare treatments have been frequently used in the management of epilepsy in China for many centuries. Gastrodia elata-Acous tatarinowii (GEAT), as a classic and most commonly used herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been employed to control seizures for thousands of years. However, the animal experiment data on its anticonvulsant effect is limited in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the therapeutic actions of GEAT decoction against seizures in mice. UHPLC-MS/MS was performed to analyze the chemical components of GEAT decoction.The mice were given GEAT decoction for 7 days, and MES, PTZ, and 3-MP injection was given 30 min after the last administration. Video monitoring was performed for comparisons. In addition, the PTZ-induced kindling models were conducted to investigate the seizure severity, anxiety and cognitive pro le, in ammation, and oxidative stress parameters in mice. The results showed that GEAT decoction dose-dependently protected mice against MES, 3-MP, and PTZ-induced acute seizures. Furthermore, GEAT decoction signi cantly ameliorated seizure severity, decreased the accumulation of in ammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mitigated oxidative stress, as well as alleviated anxious-like behavior and cognitive de cits in PTZ-kindled mice. These results suggest that GEAT decoction possesses certain anticonvulsant properties, which might be clinically useful as phytotherapy alone or as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of seizures and epilepsy.(model: Heidolph Hei-VAP). The concentrated solution was transferred to a glass bottle and then reserved at 4°C in the ice box. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of GEAT decoctionUHPLC-MS/MS (Thermo Fisher Scienti c, USA) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied for the qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds from GEAT decoction. Chromatographic conditionChromatography was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse C 18 (1.8 µm×2.1 mm×100 mm). The mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% formic acid, and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile. Analysis accomplished by using a gradient elution of 5% B at 0-2 min, 5-30% B at 2-6 min, 30% B at 6-7 min, 30-78% B at 7-12 min, 78% B at 12-14 min, 78-95% B at 14-17 min, 95% B at 17-20 min, 95-5% B at 20-21 min, and 5% B at 21-25 min. The ow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30°C. The injection volume of the sample was 2 µL. Mass spectrometry conditionThe Ion mode was set to positive and negative mode. MS conditions were: Spray voltages: 3.5 kV and -3.5 kV; Capillary temperature: 330°C; Sheath gas: 45 arbs; Aux gas: 15 arb and probe heater temperature: 325°C. Scan mode was full ms. Scanning mode: full scan (Full Scan, m/z 100 ~ 1500) and data-dependent mass spectrometry (dd-MS2, TopN = 10); resolution: 120,000 (MS1) & 60,000 (MS2). Collision Mode: High Energy...

Purpose Inflammation and accompanying pain is a common global health problem that seriously affects human quality of life worldwide. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethyl acetate extract of B. chinensis (EAEBc) along with the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of EAEBc was explored using an LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model. Nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels were evaluated. In vivo anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of EAEBc were assessed with the aid of classical experimental mouse models. In addition, LPS-induced biomarker contents (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NO, iNOS, and PGE2) and formalin-induced serum inflammatory factors (NO, PGE2, 5-HT, β-EP, substance P, and NE) were determined in mice. Results In vitro, EAEBc significantly reduced LPS-induced NO generation and suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, EAEBc downregulated serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NO, iNOS, and PGE2 contents in mice with LPS-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. EAEBc displayed anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene ear edema tests. Intragastric administration of EAEBc at test doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg led to inhibition of nociception and capillary permeability induced by acetic acid to varying degrees. Similarly, EAEBc exerted analgesic effects in the formalin and hot plate tests. In particular, the administration of EAEBc reversed the changes in the levels of inflammatory indicators NO, PGE2, 5-HT, β-EP, substance P, and NE in a mouse model of formalin-induced pain. Conclusion Our findings provide considerable evidence to support the extensive application of B. chinensis in traditional medicine and demonstrate the utility of this plant species as an effective candidate for prevention or treatment of various pain and inflammation-related conditions.

Epilepsy is a serious public health problem in the world. At present, over 30% of affected patients remain refractory to currently available treatment. Medicinal plants as pharmaceuticals and healthcare treatments have been frequently used in the management of epilepsy in China for many centuries. Gastrodia elata-Acous tatarinowii (GEAT), as a classic and most commonly used herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been employed to control seizures for thousands of years. However, the animal experiment data on its anticonvulsant effect is limited in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the therapeutic actions of GEAT decoction against seizures in mice. UHPLC-MS/MS was performed to analyze the chemical components of GEAT decoction. The mice were given GEAT decoction for 7 days, and MES, PTZ, and 3-MP injection was given 30 min after the last administration. Video monitoring was performed for comparisons. In addition, the PTZ-induced kindling models were conducted to investigate the seizure severity, anxiety and cognitive profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters in mice. The results showed that GEAT decoction dose-dependently protected mice against MES, 3-MP, and PTZ-induced acute seizures. Furthermore, GEAT decoction significantly ameliorated seizure severity, decreased the accumulation of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mitigated oxidative stress, as well as alleviated anxious-like behavior and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled mice. These results suggest that GEAT decoction possesses certain anticonvulsant properties, which might be clinically useful as phytotherapy alone or as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of seizures and epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a serious public health problem in the world. At present, over 30% of affected patients remain refractory to current available treatment. Medicinal plants as pharmaceuticals and healthcare treatments have been frequently used in the management of epilepsy in China for many centuries. Gastrodia elata Bl.-Acorus tatarinowii (GEAT), as a classic and most commonly used herb pair in in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been employed to control seizures for thousands of years. However, the animal experiment data of its anticonvulsant effect is limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to mainly analyze the anticonvulsant activity of GEAT decoction in maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and trimercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) induced acute seizures in mice, providing a scientific basis for the treatment of convulsive disorders in traditional medicine. In addition, PTZ-induced kindling models were conducted to investigate the seizure severity, anxiety and cognitive profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters in mice. The results showed that GEAT decoction dose-dependently protected mice against MES, 3-MP and PTZ induced acute seizures. Meanwhile, GEAT decoction ameliorated seizure severity, decreased the accumulation of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mitigated oxidative stress, as well as alleviated anxious-like behavior and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled mice. Our data evidenced that GEAT decoction possesses certain anticonvulsant properties, which might be clinically useful as a phytotherapy alone or as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of seizures and epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a serious public health problem in the world. At present, the effect of drug treatment of epilepsy is are not satisfactory. Medicinal plants as pharmaceuticals and for healthcare treatments in the management of epilepsy in China for many centuries. Especially, Gastrodia elata Bl.-Acorus tatarinowii, as a classic and important herb pairs in folk medicine, has been used in folk medicine to control seizures. However, the animal experiment data of its anticonvulsant effect is limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to mainly analyze the anticonvulsant activity of Gastrodia elata-Acorus tatarinowii (GEAT) decoction in maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and trimercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) induced seizures in mice, providing scientific basis for the treatment of convulsive disorders in traditional medicine. In addition, the improvement effect were examined on seizure severity, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress in PTZ kindled mice. The results showed that GEAT decoction dose-dependently protected mice against MES, 3-MP and PTZ induced acute seizures. Meanwhile, GEAT decoction ameliorated seizure severity, decreased the accumulation of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mitigated oxidative stress, as well as alleviated anxious-like behavior and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled mice. Our data evidenced that the anticonvulsant properties attributed to GEAT decoction as adjunctive therapy for epileptic patients in folk medicine.