Background: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after liver transplantation. RRT is an important treatment for AKI, but the optimal time for initiation of RRT is still controversial. Our aim is to investigate the prognosis effect of initial RRT treatment time.Methods: Clinical data of 173 recipients undergoing liver transplantation from July 2017 to March 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. All the patients receiving RRT were divided into early and late group. Prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results: 48 patients developed AKI, among which 23 cases(13.29%) received RRT, of which 13 were in early group (56.52%) and 10 were in late group (43.48%). AKI was associated with longer length of ICU and hospital stay, increased post-operative 30 and 90 day mortality, the incidence of PNF and EAD. In patients receiving RRT, compared with the early group, the duration of length of ICU and hospital stay and the incidence of severe infection were significantly increased in late group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: AKI was associated with longer length of ICU and hospital stay, poor short-term mortality and functional recovery of transplanted organ. Early initiation of RRT could reduce the severe infection and length of ICU and hospital stay.