To estimate the budget impact of adding omalizumab to standard therapy (ST) in patients with uncontrolled severe allergic asthma, from the perspective of the Brazilian private health care system, over a 5-year time horizon. METHODS: A budget impact model was developed to calculate the budget impact for Brazil, based on local epidemiological and drug cost data. The eligible population was based on the following inputs: 2013 population estimate (age ≥6 years): 183 million; prevalence of asthma: 10%; proportion of patients diagnosed and receiving treatment: 6.5%; percentage with allergic asthma: 69%; percentage with immunoglobulin E (IgE) ≥30 IU/mL: 78.7%; percentage with uncontrolled, severe disease: 2.4%; proportion of population using the private health care system and medications: 25.1%. For the following years, an annual population growth rate of 1.17% was assumed. Average doses, resource utilization per exacerbation and proportion of patients who respond to omalizumab were obtained from the INNOVATE trial. Direct costs, including omalizumab purchase and the costs of health care consumption related to exacerbations and routine visits. These costs were calculated from the perspective of the private health care payer. Omalizumab uptake was assumed to be 17%, 35%, 55%, 75% and 95% of eligible population for years 1 to 5, respectively. RESULTS: The number of patients eligible for add-on omalizumab therapy that met the eligibility criteria was estimated to be around 3,887 in the first year. The annual budget impact of omalizumab was approximately BRL25 million, BRL50 million, BRL77 million, BRL104 million and BRL131 million for years 1 to 5, respectively (BRL1=USD0.492). CONCLUSIONS: The budget impact for the private health care system in Brazil of adding omalizumab to ST was approximately BRL131 million at the end of year-5. Considering that the total population using the private health care system in Brazil is around 45.4 million, this represents a relatively small impact on the payer's budget, of BRL2.90 per beneficiary.

No abstract

Personal phone assistance in scheduling DFE followup assistance is more effective but also more costly. Follow-up research has been initiated to determine whether automated phone reminders can achieve similar effectiveness at a lower cost.

According to the GOLD-2011 report pharmacotherapy in stable COPD is used to reduce the symptoms, frequency and severity of exacerbations, improve health status and exercise tolerance. MethOds: Our aim was to assess the list of medicines, which are available in Ukraine for COPD treatment. We compared the medications included in the State Formulary of Ukraine with the dosage forms and typical doses of COPD medications list provided by GOLD-2011. Also we calculated annual course costs for each drug in different dosage forms. The annual course was considered as amount of medicine for 365 days in appropriate for COPD basis dosing. Information about the medicine prices was obtained from the ukrainian electronic pricing database "MORION". The EUR/UAH exchange rate was 1 EUR = 10.53 UAH (20.06.2013) Results: The State Formulary of Ukraine (SFU) contains 19 medicines for INN provided by GOLD-2011: 5 INN are in metered dose inhalers (MDI), 5 -in dry powder inhalers (DPI), 1 -in smart mist inhaler (SMI), 5 solutions for nebulizer and 3 -in tablets. Salbutamol, salmeterol, indacaterol, fluticasone, beclomethasone in DPI are not included in the list of SFU, formoterol in MDI and aminophylline, prednisone in tablets are not included in this list as well. The most expensive drug is tiotropium with annual costs 604.46 EUR for SMI and 533.81 EUR for DPI. The annual costs of salmeterol in MDI and formoterol in DPI are 318.55 and 277.30, respectively. The cheapest medicine is salbutamol in MDI with 22.13 EUR annually but annual costs of salbutamol solution for nebulizer amount 464.48 EUR per year per patient. cOnclusiOns: The State Formulary of Ukraine should be reached by medicines for COPD management recommended by GOLD. Annual COPD basis costs are depending not only from kind of medicine but from it dosage forms as well.