Understanding arthropod responses to forest edges is essential to understanding both the characteristics of agro-ecosystems and the potential ecosystem services provided by forests adjacent to farmland in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. Seasonal difference in the responses of carabid beetles to forest edges was determined using transects that extended from the edge of the forest 22.5 m into the interior of a forest and 22.5 m into the meadow in three seasons, early summer, late summer and mid-autumn. The responses of carabids to the forest edge in terms of species richness and abundance differed significantly in the three seasons. The species richness and abundance peaked in the meadow 4.5 m from the edge and were low in the forest in summer, whereas they peaked at the edge and remained high in the forest in autumn. Species-level analyses revealed that several species did not move between habitats, indicating that the forest edge acted as a barrier for these species. Many species, however, peaked in the meadow near the edge and the distribution of one species along the meadow-forest transect changed with the seasons. Our results indicate that secondary forests are not an effective sources of predators of pests, but do function as overwintering sites for some species. Because many species that prefer open land hibernate in field boundaries and fallow fields, the quality and spatial configuration of these habitats is important. Furthermore, in terms of pest management the seasonal dynamics of not only carabid beetles but other beneficial arthropods such as spiders and parasitoids should be considered.

Allometric analysis of four Hydrangea species ( Hydrangea petiolaris , Hydrangea paniculata , Hydrangea macrophylla var. megacarpa and Hydrangea hirta ) was conducted to test the hypothesis that the liana species ( H. petiolaris ) invests more in leaves and reproductive organs than the shrub species. We calculated the allocation ratios of leaves, supporting tissues (trunks and roots) and reproductive organs. Hydrangea petiolaris differed markedly from the three shrubs in terms of trunk and root allocations, while leaf allocation was not statistically different. The C/F ratios (the ratios of the dry weights of nonphotosynthetic organs to photosynthetic ones) of the four species ranged from 9 to 12, and were not statistically different. These results did not support the hypothesis. The biomass of H. petiolaris was up to 100-fold greater than the biomass of the three shrubs. The growth form of H. petiolaris would minimize allocation to supporting tissue and produce a large biomass. The biomass of reproductive organs of H. petiolaris was up to 700-fold greater than the biomass of the three shrubs. This advantage might, therefore, serve as a driving force for the evolution of lianas.

This data paper reports census data of ground‐dwelling beetle and other fauna of the forest floor environment; collections were made from a network of 22 forest sites in Japan. To our knowledge, this represents the largest dataset for long‐term monitoring of a ground‐dwelling beetle community and other taxa in a ground environment in forests, which covers a broad climatic range in the temperate zone and is freely available. The network forms part of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project launched by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. It covers subalpine, cool‐ and warm‐temperate and subtropical climatic zones and the four major forest types of Japan. Thirty‐three permanent plots usually 1 ha in size were established in old‐growth, secondary natural and a few plantation forests. Censuses of the ground‐dwelling beetle community were conducted using pitfall trapping and forest floor environment monitoring every year from 2004 to the present. During the initial 9 years of the census (2004–2012), 59,762 beetle individuals (including 3182 larvae) of more than 314 species were recorded. This dataset includes taxonomy and biomass of each beetle individual and each taxonomic group of other invertebrates coincidently captured in pitfall trapping. The dataset also includes data related to ground coverage by forest floor vegetation, dry mass of the accumulated organic litter layer, and carbon and nitrogen contents and cellulose decomposition rate in organic layer and surface mineral soil. The data could be used to investigate geographical patterns and intra‐ and inter‐annual dynamics of individual body mass, populations and community structures of ground‐dwelling beetles, and their relationships with the forest floor environment. Furthermore, the data could be analyzed with other open datasets related to tree community dynamics and litter fall continuously measured in the same study plots. This dataset also provides information related to the distribution and average body mass of each beetle species.

This paper reports on high reliability high power GaAs MESFETs with Si02 passivation film. For these MESFETs, no degradation has been observed UP to 1500 hours even under 8 dB gain compression condition. I . IntroductionAs the requirement for the output power level of the power GaAs MESFETs becomes higher, the gate electrode and its periphery are stressed by higher drain bias voltage and larger RF input voltage swing.Up to now, the surface effects on the power GaAs MES FET reliability have been investigated widely with regard to the long-term degradati~n"'-'~'. The suitable passivation film has proved to be indispensable for GaAs surface protection. No investigation, however, has been reported from , the viewpoint of re1 iabi I ity under RF overdrive operation for the power GaAs MESFETs. In this work, in order to make a diagnostic investigation into effects of passivation films on power GaAs MESFET reliability, two kinds of test devices, which have CVD SiOn passivation film and PCVD SIN passivation film, were fabricated and their reliability was investigated, focusing on behavior under the RF overdrive condition.For both passivation fi Ins. the deposition temperature was more than 320C. SiOz film has shown to be a sufficient passivation as contrast with SIN film. No degradation has been observed up to 1500 hours even under 8dB gain compression condition for the high power GaAs MESFETs with Si02 passivation film. II. Experiments and Results 2-1. Device preparationThe test MESFET device structures are shown in Fig. 1. The devices have a simple recessed gate structure with 0.8 um gate length and 5.2 mm gate width. The recess depth is about 0.4 um. The MESFET epi layer structure consists of a 0.6 um thick S-doped active layer with doping concentration of 1.3~10'~ and a 2 um thick 289 CH3277-1/93/0000-0289$01 .oO 0 1993 IEEE Gate Drain n I A -1 n Pt Ti e-Ni Fig.1 Cross-sectional view of the test device with (a)SiN passivation film and(b) Si02 passivation f i In. non-doped buffer layer, successively grown by vapor phase epitaxy on a Cr-doped semi-insulating substrate. An AI-Ti gate electrode was formed in the recessed region by applying a lift-off technique. They have SIN or Si02 passivation film, respectively. 2-2. RF overdrive testThe RF overdrive operation tests have been performed for the above two kinds of MESFETs at the channel temperature (Tch) of 120 C. The V o A . 5 V, 10~0.45 A DC set bias condition and three RF input power stress levels, i.e., 3dB, 6dB, 9dB gain compression levels, have been chosen. For both FET groups, 3 samples in each stress level have been tested for 2000 hours. The changes in parameters, i. e., output power (Pout) and gate reverse current (IGSX) under 9 dB gain compression condition are shown in Fig.2. It is clearly seen that the FET with SIN passivation film degraded in the output power (Pout) with the gate reverse current (IGSx) increase. This has been IEEE MTT-S Digest

This work proposes convolutional-sparse-coded dynamic mode decomposition (CSC-DMD) by unifying extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) and convolutional sparse coding. EDMD is a data-driven method of analysis used to describe a nonlinear dynamical system with a linear time-evolution equation. Compared with existing EDMD methods, CSC-DMD has the advantage of reflecting the spatial structure of a target. As an example, the proposed method is applied to river bed shape estimation from the water surface observation. This estimation problem is reduced to sparsityaware signal restoration with a hard constraint given by the CSC-DMD prediction, where the algorithm is derived by the primal-dual splitting method. A time series set of water surface and bed shape measured through an experimental river setup is used to train and test the system. From the result, the efficacy of the proposed method is verified.Index Terms-Extended dynamic mode decomposition, Convolutional sparse coding, Primal-dual splitting, NSOLT