FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT У статті розглянуто стан розвитку технологій Індустрії 4.0 у світі, окреслено основні тренди. Визначе но, що кожна країна фокусується на певній конкретній технології, а також що популярними серед усіх технологій є інтернет речей, кіберфізичні системи, 3D друк та ін. Досліджено стратегії розвитку техно логій Індустрії 4.0 в Україні "Індустрія 4.0" та в 5 провідних країнах світу (Німеччина "Industrie 4.0", США "Advanced Manufacturing Partnership", Японія "Industrial Value Chain Initiative", Китай "Made in China", Великобританія "High Value Manufacturing Catapult"). Визначено, що вони вже впровадили стратегії Індустрії 4.0 на державному рівні, активно впроваджують технології, реалізовують проєкти, а також на лагоджують комунікацію між навчальними закладами, бізнесом та урядом, на відміну від України. Оха рактеризовано основні проєкти Індустрії 4.0, а також ступінь їх виконання. Визначено, що лише 45 % усіх проєктів мають певний прогрес або ж зараз реалізовуються, а 55 % є безуспішними або ж не розпочати ми. Окреслено ключові бар'єри розвитку новітніх технологій в Україні, до них відносяться: технологічна відсталість, низька інноваційна активність, відсутність належної нормативно законодавчої бази, мінімаль на підтримка державою стартапів, недосконалість захисту прав інтелектуальної власності та ін. Також окреслено ключові досягнення за останні роки. Прикладами слугували додаток "Дія", що є одним із пер ших додатків, де зібрано усі документи людини і вони офіційно визнаються дійсними не тільки в Україні, але й у всьому світові. Також було згадано про високий рівень сприйнятності новітніх технологій насе ленням. Надано рекомендації щодо кроків, які необхідно здійснити країні задля швидшого розвитку тех нологій Індустрії 4.0, а саме: впровадження стратегії Індустрії 4.0 на державному рівні, підвищення рівня фінансової підтримки державою проєктів Індустрії 4.0 та малого, середнього бізнесу, підвищення рівня обізнаності підприємців, щодо термінології та ефекту від впровадження новітніх технологій, активна учать України у міжнародних проєктах щодо цифровізації, а також створення гідного комунікаційного середо вища між вищими навчальними закладами, представниками бізнесу та уряду. The article considers the state of development of Industry 4.0 technologies in the world, outlines the main trends. It is determined that each country focuses on a specific technology, and that popular among all technologies are the Internet of Things, cyberphysical systems, 3D printing and others. The strategies of development of technologies of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine "Industry 4.0" and in 5 leading countries of the world (Germany "Industrie 4.0", USA №Advanced Manufacturing Partnership", Japan "Industrial Value Chain
The article considers the social responsibility of the enterprise as the necessity and desire of the business to do good and important things for the benefit of its employees, society and the community in the conditions of a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The issue of the social strategy of the enterprise, namely overcoming the pressing problems of the existence of the business itself, as well as society and the state as a whole, has been investigated. Considering the complex modern operating conditions of organizations and institutions in Ukraine, we are talking about reconfiguration of business processes, ensuring safety for the employees of institutions and agreements with international partners regarding the supply of necessary raw materials for the preservation of the sustainable development of the company. Examples of successful companies that were able to find their way and set up the production of products not only for society, but also for the military as quickly as possible are considered; plan the production of new alloys/products, create new warehouses and sites, develop new formulas and continue production without waiting for international partners. The development of corporate social responsibility in Ukraine, obstacles to its development and how many enterprises are implementing CSR in the country are also considered in more detail. With new opportunities and programs from international partners, Ukrainian business is developing more and more, which contributes to the improvement of society's life, the exit from the socio-economic crisis and the support of the country as a whole. Paying attention to the problems that hinder the development of social responsibility in the country, providing enterprises with raw materials for stable production, unstable logistics and providing the population with safe workplaces. Attention was paid to the issue of corporate social responsibility, both its external and internal aspects, in the war and post-war period, as well as measures of financial and volunteer support of international business partners who also contributed to the support of our country.
The article reveals the meaning of “competency”. The author proves that purpose of higher education is to acquire a high level of academic and creative artistic, professional and general competencies required for activities in a specific occupation or a field of knowledge. In Ukrainian education the term “competency” is used within the meaning suggested by European countries. DeSeCo programme (Definition and Selection of Competencies: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations) launched in 1997 within the Federal Statistics Department (Switzerland) and the National Centre for Education Statistics (USA and Canada) defines “competency” as an ability to successfully meet one’s individual and social needs, to act and to perform tasks. Competency is based on knowledge and skills, but is not limited to those. It always includes one’s personal attitude to the above, and one’s experience enabling to “entwine” such knowledge with what the person already knows, and ability to guess a real-life situation, in which he/she will be able to apply such knowledge. In other words, each competency is built on a combination of cognitive attitudes and practical skills, knowledge and abilities, values, emotions, behavioural components, i.e. everything one can summon up for an active action. The author elucidates the essence and content of the competency-based approach to development of professional competencies in architecture students and analyzes professional competency as a component of training of architects-to-be. Acquisition of professional competencies by architecture students must rely on existing key competencies of school leavers. They must be fluent in the national language and have foreign language communication skills, must have information and communication competency and mathematical competency, teamwork skills, self-learning skills throughout their lives, etc. However, a student’s personal qualities also play a key role here, such as creative talent, developed spatial thinking, responsibility, organizational skills, teamwork skills, originality, ingenuity, creativity, realistic approach, sense of harmony, taste and style, observation skills, good memory, sociability and punctuality. Architectural training in Ukraine lasts for 6 years. One can divide training of architects-to-be into the following stages: I. Initial: introducing students to their future occupation. Realization of their potential in architecture will depend on their perceptions developed at this stage. This stage may help a person to understand his/her place in occupation or to become disillusioned with the chosen field. Time-wise this stage covers the first and second years of study. II. Evolvement: development of the feeling of professionalism. This is facilitated by studying occupation-oriented coursesand understanding the content of the future professional activity. Time-wise this stage covers the third and fourth years of study. III. Final: architecture students begin to realize specific features of their future occupation. They do not only have acertain scope of knowledge, but are able to acquire their own subjective experience in architectural activity. Time-wise this stage covers the fifth and sixth years of study and includes preparation of a graduation thesis. The article reveals that at all stages of training Architectural Design is a key major course, where students learn methods for comprehensive solution of an architectural problem in view of contemporary stylistic trends and design standards, study features of design of buildings with varying three-dimensional spatial structure, learn typological features of residential and public buildings. The article offers a partial analysis of international and domestic experience in architectural training using the process of architectural practical training as an example. When performing practice-oriented design projects, students develop skills for professional solution of architectural and artistic, functional planning, design and technology problems and gradually create their own creative methodof architectural design. During their initial years of study students hone skills in variable methods of sketching, techniques for three-dimensional, structural, image-bearing, colouristic modelling of architectural composition, which greatly enriches their creative experience in design. Organization of learning activity implies that students find their own ways to solve the problem based on familiarization with known methods of occupational activity. In senior years of study problematic nature of Architectural Design contributes to professional growth of students, creative design encourages use of parti diagrams, creative techniques and innovative methods of search for solutions. It stimulates creative activity of students and develops their self-reliance,which is greatly contributed by creation of learning situations close to real-life architectural activity. The article offers a partial analysis of international and domestic experience in architectural training using the process of architectural practical training as an example. The author gives examples of students’ architectural practical training in Ukraine, Germany, Poland, USA, Sweden and France.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the formation of the appearance of objects, taking into account the technological process, the identification of fixed assets and methods of creating the spatial-spatial composition of buildings within the existing city development. These are: the Nestle plant in Mexico, the Fagus factory, the construction of the Leeds incinerator, etc. Industrial architecture is an integral part of society. The presence and functioning of industrial enterprises characterizes the economic and political independence of the state. Industrial areas are usually large in area. and environmental friendliness. It is extremely important for modern industrial design to take into account the energy efficiency of a building, as industrial buildings are directly related to the consumption of natural resources, most of which are exhausted. in the design and reconstruction of industrial facilities nowadays, in addition to taking into account the technological process, it is extremely important to pay attention to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings. This not only affects the aesthetic component of human perception, but also promotes the productivity of workers. Many industrial structures are included in the social and cultural life of the city, combining several additional functions, in addition to the main (industrial). The development of industrial architecture is closely linked to the development of facing materials, which are often used aluminum. But in the construction of industrial buildings can be used and other materials that allow you to create many color schemes. All factors determine the need to create an aesthetic environment that meets the needs of society.
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