Background: The lungs are the essential organs of respiration. Fissures are an integral part of human lung. The fissures in lung enhance uniform expansion. These fissures may be complete, incomplete or absent. A detailed knowledge of variations of classical and accessory fissures is necessary for proper radiological interpretation. It is a guide to cardiothoracic surgeons performing segmental lung resections, lobectomies to have an uncomplicated perioperative outcome. Considering the clinical and anatomical importance of this topic, the present study is undertaken. Aim of the study: The cadaveric study was done to note the morphological variation of the fissures of lung and compared it with previous studies. Results: In the present study among 40 adult human cadaveric lungs, the following observation was made; right sided lungs had incomplete oblique fissure in3 lungs, incomplete horizontal fissure in 10 lungs. Left sided adult lungs had incomplete oblique fissure in 7, absent oblique fissure-1, accessory fissure-3 lungs. Conclusion: Knowledge of normal and abnormal morphological variation is very important for the clinicians, radiologist and surgeons in order to avoid misinterpretation and misdiagnosing and preventing the untoward incidents.

Background and aim : Thyroid surgery being a major surgery & quite often performed, a thorough knowledge of variations in arterial supply is very essential for surgeons to prevent alarming number of table deaths in patients with thyroid disease due to excessive and uncontrollable bleeding . It also helps the physicians for proper physical examination and treatment of the patient and to the anatomists for learning the variant patterns. Materials & methods: Fifty five adult human cadavers(45 males,10 females)aged between 25 to 50 years and 25 foetuses (18 female,7 male) aged between 24 to 34 weeks were studied by gross dissection. Results: The inferior thyroid artery was found to be absent in 5% of cases. The level of branching of inferior thyroid artery was also studied where in 23.1 % of cases the artery divides before piercing the surgical capsule of thyroid gland and in 76.97%, it divided after piercing the surgical capsule.The relationship of the artery to the recurrent laryngeal nerve was also studied where in 52.6% of cases, either the artery or its branches were anterior to the nerve, in 26.3% of cases the artery or its branches were posterior to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and in 21.1 % of cases the nerve was intermingled with the branches of artery. Conclusion: From the present study it is concluded that the knowledge of variation of the arterial supply can be used during thyroidectomy where in ligation of all the thyroid vessels is highly essential to ensure proper homeostasis.

Variations in the origin of arteries in the abdomen are very common but with the invention of new operative techniques within the abdomen cavity, the anatomy of abdomen vessels has assumed much more clinical importance. The gonadal arteries normally arise caudal to the renal arteries as antero-lateral branch. In contrast to classical description, very rarely originate from lumbar, common or internal iliac artery, or superior mesentric artery. Here we report a very rare case of variant origin of right testicular artery from right common iliac artery. Awareness of such variations becomes very significant and important during surgical or interventional procedures in abdomen-pelvic areas.

Scapula is a pivotal bone of Shoulder girdle, critical in stabilizing and permitting various sports movements like swimming, rowing and throwing. Isolated fractures of the scapular spine are rare. Usually, they are associated with other fractures of the shoulder girdle or injuries to the head, lungs, ribs, cervical spine and brachial neurovascular structures constituting 6% of scapular fractures.Objectives: 1) to classify and to obtain the Quantitative morphometric parameters of scapular spine and also to find the asymmetry of the same bilaterally.Methodology: This study was conducted on 100 dried adult Human Scapula. Spine of scapula were observed and classified morphologically, various morphometric measurements like projection length of spine, thickness and height of spine of scapula were taken using digital vernier caliper and thickness measuring gauge micrometer. The data was analysed statistically using SPSS software version 20.0 and were tabulated.Results: The commenest type of spine was fusiform (type I) with 46% and the least was "S" shape type V with 0% incidence. Type II (slender) spine showed least measured values related to all the parameters. Conclusion:Spine of scapula is an important process, provides elegant reinforcement to dorsal surface of scapula. A morphological variation of the same is not a rare entity in our observation. With recent development in surgical approaches towards the clinical conditions of shoulder joint thorough qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the same is necessary for any surgeon which can be an additional aid for the surgeon during surgeries.

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