Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Pd and Co/Pt superlattices J.Magnetic properties of Co/Pd and ColPt multilayers were studied as a function of sputtering gas pressure. It was found that the magnetic properties of the films depended upon the sputtering gas pressure, and large ccercivity (several kOe) and a perfect squareness of the perpendicular hysteresis loop were attained by the deposition at the high gas pressure. These multilayers are suitable for perpendicular magnetic recording media. In the Co/Pd, the origin of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is mainly an interfacial anisotropy, although there exists a stress-induced anisotropy for the films with the relatively short periodicity. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the Co/Pt can be concerned with the Co~Pt mixture formed at the interface of the multilayer structure. The magnetostriction of the Co/Pd films with the relatively short periodicity is extraordinarily large with a negative sign. since Co atoms adjacent to Pd atoms at the interface could induce larger magnetostriction than that of pure Co. As the periodicity increased, the magnetostriction became small, but the sign remained negative. For the films with the long periodicity the magnetostriction may be caused by pure Co of the layer interior. On the contrary, the Co/Pt films have a positive magnetostriction even for the thick Co layers. The data indicate existence of the Co-Pt mixture at the interface. 4909 J.

In this paper, we investigate the simultaneous modeling of multiple emotions in DNN-based expressive speech synthesis, and how to represent the emotional labels, such as emotional class and strength, for this task. Our goal is to answer two questions: First, what is the best way to annotate speech data with multiple emotions-should we use the labels that the speaker intended to express, or labels based on listener perception of the resulting speech signals? Second, how should the emotional information be represented as labels for supervised DNN training, e.g., should emotional class and emotional strength be factorized into separate inputs or not? We evaluate on a large-scale corpus of emotional speech from a professional voice actress, additionally annotated with perceived emotional labels from crowdsourced listeners. By comparing DNN-based speech synthesizers that utilize different emotional representations, we assess the impact of these representations and design decisions on human emotion recognition rates, perceived emotional strength, and subjective speech quality. Simultaneously, we also study which representations are most appropriate for controlling the emotional strength of synthetic speech.

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Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayered films were prepared by two-source dc magnetron sputtering. The multilayers with thin Co layers, one to three atoms thick, exhibited a perfect squareness of Kerr loop and an enhancement of Kerr rotation when the total film thickness became below several hundred angstroms. These ultrathin films have a high Kerr rotation of 0.2°-0.45° and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy even in the very thin-film thickness. The figure of merit of the ultrathin Co/Pt films is superior to that of TbFeCo system at 780 nm and becomes larger at shorter wavelength. The ultrathin multilayers possess very high corrosion resistance, and the layered structure is thermally stable up to 400 °C. Consequently, the ultrathin Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayered films can be new magneto-optical recording materials, especially for higher density recording using a shorter wavelength laser.

Background and Aims Recent studies have suggested that trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis. Approach and Results To investigate the role of TFF1 in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected human liver samples, transfected a TFF1 expression vector into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and employed a mouse model of spontaneous HCC development (albumin–cyclization recombination/Lox‐Stop‐Lox sequence–Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologG12D [KC]); the model mouse strain was bred with a TFF1‐knockout mouse strain to generate a TFF1‐deficient HCC mouse model (KC/TFF1−/−). TFF1 expression was found in some human samples with HCC. Interestingly, TFF1‐positive cancer cells showed a staining pattern contradictory to that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and aberrant DNA hypermethylation in TFF1 promoter lesions was detected in HCC samples, indicating the tumor‐suppressive role of TFF1. In vitro, induction of TFF1 expression resulted in impaired proliferative activity and enhanced apoptosis in HCC cell lines (HuH7, HepG2, and HLE). These anticancer effects of TFF1 were accompanied by the loss of nuclear β‐catenin expression, indicating inactivation of the β‐catenin signaling pathway by TFF1. In vivo, TFF1 deficiency in KC mice accelerated the early development and growth of HCC, resulting in poor survival rates. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that the amount of nuclear‐localized β‐catenin was significantly higher in KC/TFF1−/− mice than in KC mice and that human HCC tissue showed contradictory expression patterns for β‐catenin and TFF1, confirming the in vitro observations. Conclusions TFF1 might function as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the development of HCC by regulating β‐catenin activity.