SummaryAn insulinoma cell line, NIT-1, transfected with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was established, namely NIT-GRP78, and used to study the immunosuppressive and protective ability of GRP78. In extended cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing assay, NIT-1-primed lymphocytes were more cytotoxic in killing b cells than NIT-GRP78-primed lymphocytes. Severe necrosis was observed only when the NIT-1-primed lymphocytes were cultured with NIT-1 b cells, but not with NIT-GRP78 cells. In addition, an increase of interleukin (IL)-4 secretion from b cell-primed splenocytes when GRP78 presence was observed in cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diabetic mice reached normoglycaemia promptly and gained weight after transplantation of either NIT-1 or NIT-GRP78 cells. However, the recipient mice transplanted with NIT-GRP78 cells lived much longer than those recipients transplanted with NIT-1 cells, which was due apparently to prolonged insulin production by the transplanted NIT-GRP78 cells. In fact, we observed a significant increase of insulin concentration after glucose stimulation of diabetic mice received NIT-GRP78 cells at day 7 post-transplantation. From the results we propose that GRP78 could have a dual function in both protecting NIT-1 cells from CTL-mediated lysis and stimulating a population of T helper 2 cells to down-regulate the immune response to the transplanted b cells.

This paper presents an application of a modified self-tuning controller for regulating the speed of the hydraulic turbine ZZ-105-HL. First the self-tuning algorithm developed in [1] and [5] is extended so that the measurable operating points of the turbine can be used to increase the convergence rate of the online identification. A robust controller is then constructed by combining the identification algorithm within the structure of a robust controller so that asymptotic stability and perfect tracking are realized.

These results suggest that HPV may evade immune recognition by downregulating MHC-I cell surface expression via decreased TAP-1 levels.