The use of metal oxide nanomaterials as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment has received significant attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, we use a polyol-mediated refluxing method to synthesize silver-incorporated copper oxide nanomaterials (Ag@CuO NMs). The use of tetra butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as a capping agent and ethylene glycol as a reducing agent for Ag+ to Ag is elaborated upon. The prepared Ag@CuO NMs were tested for their ability to degrade water pollutants, specifically methylene blue (MB) dye. Two different Ag contents, weights of 3% and 5%, were used to produce modified CuO-based nanomaterials. The crystalline structures of the NMs were characterized via XRD diffraction, and the morphology of the materials was investigated using FE-SEM. The optical properties were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag@CuO NMs was evaluated by analyzing the degradation of MB dye when exposed to UV-visible light. Our results showed that the 5% weight Ag@CuO NM sample exhibited the most efficient degradation activity against MB dye. Therefore, these nanomaterials hold potential for photocatalytic applications, particularly for wastewater purification.

In this study, characteristics of Hückel strategy, were abused so as to acquire some significant outcomes, through a theoretical technique with which it is conceivable to get secular equations, π energy, wave functions, electron density and charge density, as an account of cyclopentadienyl system i.e. C5H5+ (cation), C5H5- (anion), and C5H5. (radical) and permitting the expression of delocalization energy of conjugated cyclopentadienyl ring framework. Here, it was presented the secular determinant of the Hückel technique and applied to cyclopentadienyl system framework so as to communicate their orbital energies of cyclopentadienyl system, also to communicate its electron and charge density in terms of stable configuration of a system. It is settled by the Hückel strategy and applied by the assumptions for nearby comparability such as coulomb integrals, exchange integrals and overlap integrals. This simple way hypothetical strategy will allow to graduate and post graduate understudies to understanding the investigation of stable configuration, electron and charge density and also other parameters.

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