Effective infection surveillance and control provides a safe environment for staff, clients and animals in the veterinary clinic. This reduces the risk of nosocomial and zoonotic infections. In addition, there is a significant risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, which is associated with both reasonable and inappropriate use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of humans and animals, food production and the ineffectiveness of measures to control the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, microbiological monitoring is important for the assessment of the microbial composition of the veterinary institution and the timely detection of its dynamic changes and the quality of sanitary and disinfection measures. Flushes from different surfaces were taken for research. The first stage – in the process of the clinic; the second – after disinfection. The results of bacteriological examinations of washes from the surfaces of the premises of the veterinary clinic "Impulse" in Lviv (examination, hospital and operating room) showed the presence in the samples of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. An important component of the clinic's laboratory in the infection control system is to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms in the room to antibiotics and systematic monitoring of general trends in antibiotic resistance, which will control the formation of stationary strains. The results showed that Escherichia coli is sensitive to erythromycin, cephalexin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, doxacycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and methicillin and is resistant to kanamycin, clarithromycin and amoxiclav. At the same time Staphylococcus spp. were resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, clarithromycin, amoxiclav and norfloxacin to all other drugs – sensitive. Key words: veterinary clinic, monitoring, infection control, prevention of stationary infections, resistance to antibiotics, disinfection.

During the course of microspores on the skin, the balance between the species of saprophytic microorganisms and hypersensitivity as an integral part of the inflammatory reaction resulting from the presence of the pathogen in the skin is disturbed. The degree of expression of inflammation varies. Clinical manifestations of microsporia are manifested by erythema, alopecia, scaly and crust formation. The aim. Histological studies were performed to determine pathomorphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs during microsporia. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy and sick guinea pigs during the acute course of the disease, during regeneration and during recovery.And also carry out a description and characterization of the identified changes in the skin.The obtained research results showed that patients with microsporia had changes in the morphological composition of the skin, which were characterized by thickening and keratinization of the epidermis, there were small-focal polymorphic cell infiltrates, there was a violation of the microvasculature and the formation of micellar formations. Materials and methods. The material for histological examination(pieces of guinea pig skin) was fixed in a 10–12 % cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G.A. Merkulov (1969). Histomic sections 5–7 μm thick were made on the MC-2 dome microtome. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for the morphological evaluation of cells and tissue. Microscopy was performed using an OLIMPUS CX-41 microscope. Results. Signs of superficial inflammation with hyperkeratosis and desquamation of cells of the stratified epithelium, microcracks of the epidermis were found in the skin of the patient with microsporia of the tentacle during the acute course. Signs of inflammation of the follicles and surrounding tissues are visualized. Round-cell and plasma connective tissue infiltrates of the connective tissue of the skin were detected by lymphoid, histiocytic and other cellular elements. There is moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis. Signs of inflammation by type of infiltration around the hair follicles, enlargement of the blood capillaries and the presence of microabscesses. In the stage of regeneration during recovery, a clear contoured layer of epithelial cells is established. There are no signs of inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Conclusion. In microspores, inflammatory processes occur in all layers of the skin. The skin of sick animals loses its barrier function due to pathomorphological changes. The long-term consequences of the pathological process during the course of microspores can provoke the development of chronic dermatitis with scleroderma. During the course of microspores on the skin, the balance between the species of saprophytic microorganisms and hypersensitivity as an integral part of the inflammatory reaction resulting from the presence of the pathogen in the skin is disturbed. The degree of expression of inflammation varies. Clinical manifestations of microsporia are manifested by erythema, alopecia, scaly and crust formation. The aim. Histological studies were performed to determine pathomorphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs during microsporia. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy and sick guinea pigs during the acute course of the disease, during regeneration and during recovery.And also carry out a description and characterization of the identified changes in the skin.The obtained research results showed that patients with microsporia had changes in the morphological composition of the skin, which were characterized by thickening and keratinization of the epidermis, there were small-focal polymorphic cell infiltrates, there was a violation of the microvasculature and the formation of micellar formations.Materials and methods. The material for histological examination(pieces of guinea pig skin) was fixed in a 10–12 % cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G.A. Merkulov (1969). Histomic sections 5–7 μm thick were made on the MC-2 dome microtome. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for the morphological evaluation of cells and tissue. Microscopy was performed using an OLIMPUS CX-41 microscope. Results. Signs of superficial inflammation with hyperkeratosis and desquamation of cells of the stratified epithelium, microcracks of the epidermis were found in the skin of the patient with microsporia of the tentacle during the acute course. Signs of inflammation of the follicles and surrounding tissues are visualized. Round-cell and plasma connective tissue infiltrates of the connective tissue of the skin were detected by lymphoid, histiocytic and other cellular elements. There is moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis. Signs of inflammation by type of infiltration around the hair follicles, enlargement of the blood capillaries and the presence of microabscesses. In the stage of regeneration during recovery, a clear contoured layer of epithelial cells is established. There are no signs of inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Conclusion. In microspores, inflammatory processes occur in all layers of the skin. The skin of sick animals loses its barrier function due to pathomorphological changes. The long-term consequences of the pathological process during the course of microspores can provoke the development of chronic dermatitis with scleroderma.

Despite a widespread introduction of immunoprophylaxis, the national scientific literature doesn’t frequently deal with the data containing a detailed description of the morphological state of the immune system’s central and peripheral organs, as well as their immunomorphological rearrangement after the use of vaccines and the effects of immunostimulants. It is also worth noting that such organ of the peripheral immune system as a vermiform appendix was mainly ignored by the domestic scientists. The vermiform appendix is a lymphoepithelial organ that performs a protective function and relates to the peripheral part of the immune system. The development, proliferation and differentiation of immunocompetent cells occurs inside this important formation, first and foremost, of B-cell subpopulations. Vermiform appendix is sometimes called the tonsils of the abdominal cavity due to the high concentration of lymphoid cells in it. We did not find a detailed description of the morphological changes of the rabbits’ vermiform appendix that occur after the introduction of immunobiological drugs. We conducted the histological studies of the vermiform appendix of rabbits after performing an antigenic stress using the vaccine against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections of animals along with the preventive agent «Pneumo-Pro» separately and combined with Selefer, a selenium-containing immunostimulant. Histological studies of the rabbits’ vermiform appendix performed after the parenteral introduction of immunoprophylactic drugs revealed significant structural changes in the lymphoid apparatus: there is a significant amount of lymphoblasts in the center of submucosal lymphoid nodes; mitosis of lymphocytes is often visualized; large, medium and small lymphocytes as well as macrophages locate in the dome of submucosal lymphoid nodes; there are numerous volumetric clusters of lymphoid tissue that form submucosal clusters of lymphoid nodes in the plate and submucosal basis of the appendix; the peripheral part of the lymphoid nodes and the interfollicular area contain a significant number of T-lymphocytes; the vast majority of secondary lymphoid follicles are cone-shaped; appendix crypts contain a large number of exocrinocysts.

There has been a massive tendency for cats to be kept as pets in Ukraine in recent years. The frequency of their diseases has also increased at the same time. Cats most often come into the homes of people from the street, from volunteers, rarely from nurseries. Due to this, Doctors often receive cats ill for microsporia, which is caused by fungi of the genus Microsporum and is one of the most common anthropozoonous diseases. The treatment process is carried out by a complex method. Analysis of the recommendations of various authors on the treatment of microsporia indicates the lack of immunostimulants in the conduct of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures. Hematological studies were performed in order to find out the immune reactivity of the cats' organism during microsporia. The research was conducted on clinically healthy and cats ill for microspores. The obtained results of research showed that in cats with microsporia changes in morphological composition of blood were characterized by signs of anemia, leukopenia and lymphocytopenia. Changes in the structure of neutrophils were found in the type of vacuum and toxigenic grains in cats ill for microsporia. The toxic grains of neutrophils occur inside the cell as a result of physicochemical changes in the protein structure of the cytoplasm. Such cells can not provide phagocytosis of foreign agents and thus reduce the immune activity of the organism in cats ill for microsporium. A marked change in the shape of erythrocytes, which is characteristic of anemia, that is, erythrocytes-octantocytes with corneas by Jolly inclusions. Jolly's bodies are the remnants of the nucleus that have survived in erythrocytes because of the broken destruction of the normoblast nucleus. The obtained results indicate that the course and manifestation of microsporia in cats affects the immune status of the organism.

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