Background: Cancer patients are regarded as a highly vulnerable group in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients remain largely unknown. Patients and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from three designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. Clinical data were collected from medical records from 13 January 2020 to 26 February 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess the risk factors associated with severe events defined as a condition requiring admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results: A total of 28 COVID-19-infected cancer patients were included; 17 (60.7%) patients were male. Median (interquartile range) age was 65.0 (56.0e70.0) years. Lung cancer was the most frequent cancer type (n ¼ 7; 25.0%). Eight (28.6%) patients were suspected to have hospital-associated transmission. The following clinical features were shown in our cohort: fever (n ¼ 23, 82.1%), dry cough (n ¼ 22, 81%), and dyspnoea (n ¼ 14, 50.0%), along with lymphopaenia (n ¼ 23, 82.1%), high level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (n ¼ 23, 82.1%), anaemia (n ¼ 21, 75.0%), and hypoproteinaemia (n ¼ 25, 89.3%). The common chest computed tomography (CT) findings were ground-glass opacity (n ¼ 21, 75.0%) and patchy consolidation (n ¼ 13, 46.3%). A total of 15 (53.6%) patients had severe events and the mortality rate was 28.6%. If the last antitumour treatment was within 14 days, it significantly increased the risk of developing severe events [hazard ratio (HR) ¼ 4.079, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.086e15.322, P ¼ 0.037]. Furthermore, patchy consolidation on CT on admission was associated with a higher risk of developing severe events (HR ¼ 5.438, 95% CI 1.498e19.748, P ¼ 0.010). Conclusions: Cancer patients show deteriorating conditions and poor outcomes from the COVID-19 infection. It is recommended that cancer patients receiving antitumour treatments should have vigorous screening for COVID-19 infection and should avoid treatments causing immunosuppression or have their dosages decreased in case of COVID-19 coinfection.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism plays a crucial role in regulating brain dopamine level. Converging evidence from Caucasian samples showed that, compared with rs4680 Val allele, the Met allele was linked to lower COMT activity, which in turn was linked to better cognitive performance such as working memory (WM) and to a larger hippocampus (a brain region important for WM). However, some behavioral studies have shown that the function of rs4680 appears to vary across different ethnic groups, with Chinese subjects showing an opposite pattern as that for Caucasians (i.e. the Val allele is linked to better cognitive functions related to WM in Chinese). Using a sample of healthy Han Chinese college students (ages from 19 to 21 years), this study investigated the association of COMT Val158Met genotype with behavioral data on a two-back WM task (n = 443, 189M/254F) and T1 MRI data (n = 320, 134M/186F). Results showed that, compared to the Met allele, the Val allele was associated with larger hippocampal volume (the right hippocampus: β = −0.118, t = −2.367, P = 0.019, and the left hippocampus: β = −0.099, t = −1.949, P = 0.052) and better WM performance (β = −0.110, t = −2.315, P = 0.021). These results add to the growing literature on differentiated effects of COMT rs4680 polymorphism on WM across populations and offer a brain structural mechanism for such population-specific genetic effects.

Objectives Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are very common in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to explore the clinical impact of osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), on CNS metastases in patients with advanced NSCLC in real-world setting. Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC who received osimertinib after progression of early-generation EGFR-TKIs and CNS metastases on baseline brain scan were retrospectively collected. Primary outcomes were disease control rate (DCR) and progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary objectives were objective response rate (ORR), time to tumor response, median best percentage change from baseline in CNS target lesion (TL) size and safety.

SUMMARYObjectives-To describe female condom (FC) use, male condom (MC) use and overall levels of protected sex before, during and after FC education and promotion (using the original prototype FC) combined with MC promotion among female sex workers in three rural or small urban settings in southern China.Study design-The 1-year FC intervention was conducted by local health workers through outreach to establishments where sex work is conducted. Three serial cross-sectional surveys were conducted in each study town before, during and after the intervention along with process documentation throughout the intervention period.Methods-Cross-sectional data from pre-intervention (baseline) and 6-month and 12-month post-intervention surveys from three study sites are used in a descriptive comparison of the context of the sex industry, outreach in two phases of intervention, and FC adoption after the intensive intervention phase in each site.Results-Approximately 75-80% of eligible women working in sex establishments, varying from 74 to 155 participants for each survey, were recruited from three study sites. After introduction and promotion of the FC along with the MC during the community public health * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 65296971; fax: +86 10 65225752. susuliao@mx.cei.gov.cn (S. Liao).Ethical approval Institutional Review Boards at the Institute for Community Research, Hartford, Connecticut, USA; the Peking Union Medical College/China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and the Guangxi Provincial Centres for Disease Prevention and Control in Nanning, Guangxi, China. All study participants provided informed consent. Competing interests None declaredPublisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. intervention, between one-fifth and one-half of the study participants had tried the FC in the three study sites by the time of the 6-month and 12-month cross-sectional surveys. Among them, 10-30% had used the FC more than once. FC awareness increased following the intervention with much less variation across the three study sites. At baseline, 31-54% of participants across the three sites reported 100% protected sex in the last 30 days with all types of partners. At one of the sites with relatively low MC use before the intervention, the proportion of women reporting 100% protected sex in the last 30 days increased by 15%, and the proportion reporting nil protected sex in the last 30 days decreased by 13% between baseline and 12-month post-intervention surveys. More complex profiles of FC and MC use and protected sex were shown at the other two study sites, where ...