This study aimed to evaluate the egg-laying performance and egg quality traits of two generations, and the nutrients and trace elements in eggs of one generation of Leizhou Black Duck. A total of 15 males and 225 female ducks were selected from the Leizhou Black Duck population to form 15 generation 0 families (1 male: 15 females). Eggs were collected from all the families. Using comprehensive index and family breeding selction methods, ducklings were selected to form 15 generation 1 families in the same ratio as above. Egg-laying performance, egg quality traits, and nutrient composition in eggs were recorded, evaluated, and subjected to correlation analysis. The results showed that the overall egg-laying performance (except first egg weight) and egg quality traits in generation 1 were significantly higher than in generation 0 families. There was a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between age at first egg, body weight at first egg, and first egg weight whereas egg weight at 43 weeks negatively correlated with all the measured traits. The egg weight had a significant (p < 0.01, 0.05) positive correlation with egg shape index, albumen height, egg yolk weight, and haugh unit but a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation with egg yolk ratio. The yolk weight had a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation with the yolk ratio. Leizhou Black Duck eggs contained high amounts of rich nutrients and trace elements. This study provides a basis for duck breeders to focus and improve upon breeding Leizhou Black Duck for quality egg production.