Background/Aims: Activation of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 participates in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) is an intrinsic inhibitor of STIM1-Orai1 interaction. Thus, we hypothesized that SARAF could prevent cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into sham and abdominal aortic constriction surgery groups and were infected with lentiviruses expressing SARAF and GFP (Lenti-SARAF) or GFP alone (Lenti-GFP) via intramyocardial injection. At 4 weeks after aortic constriction, left ventricular structure and function were assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic assays. The gene and protein expressions of SARAF, STIM1, and Orai1 were measured by quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results: Gene and protein expressions of SARAF were significantly decreased, while STIM1 and Orai1 were increased in the heart tissue compared with sham group. Overexpression of SARAF in the heart prevented the upregulation of STIM1 and Orai1, and importantly, attenuated aortic constriction-induced decrease in maximal rate of left ventricular pressure decay and increases in thickness of interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, heart weight/body weight ratio, and size of cardiomyocytes. Blood pressure detected through the carotid artery and left ventricular systolic function were not affected by SARAF overexpression. In addition, overexpression of SARAF also attenuated angiotensin II-induced upregulation of STIM1 and Orai1 and hypertrophy of cultured cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Overexpression of SARAF in the heart prevents cardiac hypertrophy, probably through suppressing the upregulation of STIM1/Orai1.

Genistein attenuated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and PE induced NRCM hypertrophy in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of genistein activity may be associated with blocking the JNK1/2 signaling pathways.