The mandible supports the oral cavity's soft tissues and teeth. The treatment of mandibular segmental defects must consider the missing component’s anatomic; the gold standard of mandibular reconstruction replaces the defect with vascularized bone unless the perioperative risk is extremely great owing to comorbid conditions. To achieve bony healing and restore the mandibular contour, rigid fixation of the free flap bone segments to the remaining mandible is important. The reconstruction made it easier to meet a wide range of treatment requirements. The most common reasons for reconstructive surgery today are defects after tumor surgery due to benign or malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. First-line or adjuvant radiation plays a major role in today's multidisciplinary head and neck cancer treatment. When exposed to radiation, the mandible, in particular, is susceptible to osteoradionecrosis. So, this article review is to review the history of oromandibular reconstruction, the biomechanics of the mandible and summarizes the various reconstruction options available for the mandible, including defect classification, goals in reconstruction, donor sites, current reconstructive options, dental rehabilitation, and persistent associated problems.