Aim: To study the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in the brain of rats with atherosclerosis (AS) and the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on expressions of cytokines. Methods: The experimental model of AS in rats were established by intraperitioneal injection of vitamin D 3 with high fat/cholesterol diet. GbE 100 mg/kg was administered to rats by ig. After 8 weeks, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-10R in the brain tissues of AS rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: The protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the brains were markedly higher in AS groups than that in control groups (6.11±0.15, 1.55±0.14, 0.54±0.04 ng/g wet weight vs 0.80±0.14, 0.33±0.09, and 0.33±0.02 ng/g wet weight, respectively). The protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the brains were markedly lower in GbE groups (3.82±0.54, 0.95±0.08 ng/g wet weight) than that in AS groups, the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and IL-10R in the brains were markedly higher in GbE groups (0.85±0.06 ng/g wet weight) than that in AS groups. Conclusion: GbE inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, but upregulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-10R in brain, which might be related with its anti-AS actions.