Abstract.A new assessment of the nuclear dumping sites of Novaya Zemlya was performed in 2003/4. 137 Cs contamination levels within both Stepovogo and Abrosimova Bays are similar to background environmental levels and there has been no detectable leakage from objects in Tsivolki Bay. Near-surface sediment 137 Cs contamination levels in 2003/04 are 1-11 Bq/kg, 4-268 Bq/kg, and 13-20 Bq/kg in Tsivolki, Stepovogo and Abrosimova Bays respectively. These conclusions are further supported by the data for 238 Pu and 239+240 Pu. Hence, leakages from the low-level waste containers on the seafloor have diminished appreciably after ten years while sediment reworking (e.g. mixing, burial, resuspension and transport) and radioactive decay has reduced to negligible the elevated radionuclide levels previously detected in surface sediments. Furthermore, there is no indication that nuclear fuel from the dumped reactors or submarine has been or is presently releasing detectable quantities of radioactivity into the marine environment.

The dynamics and present state of the radioactive contamination with 137 Cs of littoral soil of Lake Kozhanovskoe and Lake Svyatoe on the Besed' River are presented. The parameters of the vertical migration of 137 Cs in soil -the rate of directional transfer with soil moisture, the diffusion coefficient, and the average velocity of vertical migration -are estimated by comparing the experimental and model distributions of 137 Cs content over soil depth. It is shown that at the present time the two 5-cm layer of soil can contain 20-90% 137 Cs depending on the type of soil and landscape. The average values of the diffusion coefficient, the rate of directional transfer, and the vertical migration velocity for 12-, 13-, and 20-year periods after the Chernobyl accident are 0.1-2.8 cm 2 /yr, 0.1-0.3 cm/yr, and 0.1-0.8 cm/yr, respectively.The slowly draining Lake Kozhanovskoe and the nondraining Lake Svyatoe on the Besed' River in Bryansk Oblast are water reservoirs most strongly contaminated with 137 Cs and 90 Sr as a result of the Chernobyl accident [1]. At the present time, these nuclides enter the lakes as a result of being washed off the contaminated water sheds by rains and floods. 137 Cs makes the main contribution to the contamination of the soil. The 137 Cs content is approximately 50 times greater than that of 90 Sr. Experimental data on the soil content and vertical distribution of 137 Cs in the soil in the littoral zones of these reservoirs were obtained from 1992 to 2006 as part of the radioecological studies of surface water objects in Bryansk oblast [1,2].The purpose of the present article is to estimate the parameters of the vertical migration of 137 Cs in the soil of the indicated littoral zones on the basis of data on its concentration in 1998, 1999, and 2006. Lake Kozhanovskoe is located in the watershed of the Iput' River. The average depth of the lake is 1.5 m, and the area of the lake and watershed are 6.5 km 2 and ∼3 km 2 , respectively. The littoral zone consists mainly of boggy-peat and soddy-podzolic soils. According to the 1993 data, a high fraction of insoluble and a low (2%) fraction of exchange 137 Cs predominate in the boggy-peat soil; the mobile 90 Sr fraction is 40-50%. Lake Svyatoe is located in the watershed of the Besed' River. The areas of the lake and watershed ara 0.1 km 2 and 0.34 km 2 , respectively; the average depth of the lake is 3 m. The dominant soil in the littoral zone is soddy-podzolic, in which according to 1993 data the mobile fractions of 137 Cs and 90 Sr are 5-20% and 40-80%, respectively.The 137 Cs content in the soil was determined by two methods. The first one is based on determining the 137 Cs content using a RKG-095N (Korad) spectrally sensitive portable gamma-radiometer with detection limit 18.5 kBq/m 2 with measurement time 300 sec [3,4]. The exposure dose rate at heights 5 cm and 1 m above the soil surface were measured with a

The dynamics of the radioactive contamination with 137 Cs and 90 Sr of the Besed ' and Iput' rivers in 1987-2004 and the nondraining Lake Svyatoe on the Besed' River and the slowly draining Lake Kozhanovskoe in 1992-2002 is prsented. Data on the contamination of the components and shorelines of reservoirs are presented. It is shown that the radioactive contamination of these rivers is decreasing; the present level of contamination is much lower than the intervention level. The radionuclide content in the nondraining and slowly draining lakes remains high. Specifically, the 137 Cs concentration in the waters of Lake Svyatoe on the Besed' River is at the intervention level, and the 137 Cs concentration in the fish in Lake Kozhanovskoe is ten times higher than the established norms. Cs AND 90 Sr IN BODIES OF SURFACE WATER IN BRYANSK OBLAST IN 1987-2002watershed comprises 5406 km 2 and extends over 256 km (54 km in the Bryansk oblast). According to data obtained in 1995, the surface density of 137 Cs contamination of the watersheds of these lakes varied from 37 to >1480 GBq/km 2 [1]. Initially, the observations were performed in the section lines of the Besed' River -the settlement of Svetilovichi (Belarus), the settlement of Krasnaya Gora (Russia) -and the Iput' River -the city of Dobrush (Belarus), the settlement of Novye Bobovichi, and the settlement of Ushcherp'e (Russia). The total β activity of the water, the 137 Cs concentration, and (sporadically) the

Publication date: 1994 Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA):Vakulovski, S. M., Shershakov, V. M., Borodin, R. V., Vozzhennikov, O. I., Gaziev, Y. I., Kosykh, V. S., ... Chumichev, V. B. (1994). Analysis and prognosis of radiation exposure following the accident at the Siberian chemical combine No. 750(EN) Abstract On the basis of the work (ground investigations and gamma aerial surveys) carried out jointly by the Rosgidromet organizations and Berezovgeologiya, data on the radiation exposure in Russia were obtained shortly after the accident of April 6, 1993 already. These data were transmitted to interested institutions.The measurements performed on April 11 and 12,1993 indicated that within the isolines of 10 /iR/h a contaminated area of up to 25 km in length and up to 6 km in width extended towards the northeastern direction. Thus, the contaminated area outside of the premises of the combine covered about 100 km 2 . The total amount of radioactive substances in this area was 530 -590 Ci. Isotope composition of the radioactive trace was determined by ruthenium-103 (1%), ruthenium-106 (31%), zirconium-95 (22%), niobium-95 (45%) and plutonium-239 (0.02%).Contamination heterogeneity is caused by the existence of "hot" particles with an activity of up to 10-11 Ci/particle.In the contaminated area the gamma exposure rate varied between 14 and 42 /iR/h at 1 m height, yielding the maximum external radiation dose 100 mrem/year for the population of Georgievka. The Pu-239 inhalation dose of the population of Georgievka when passing the radioactive cloud did not exceed 1.5 mrem.A prognosis was made with regard to water contamination of the rivers Samuska and Tom during the flood in spring. Furthermore, contamination of the air layer adjacent to the ground resulting from the wind transport of radionuclides in the summer months at Georgievka was predicted. The values were far below the limits fixed according to the valid radiation protection regulations. However, that radionuclide concentration of the snow water may exceed the limits specified for drinking water.According to the data measured by the meteorological stations, the radioactive products were not entrained beyond the borders of the country. Source estimation was successfully obtained using RIMPUFF, the Rise on-line puff diffusion model, in backfitting mode.The basic translation of this report from Russian into English was done by the translation office at Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.

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