Postmating reproductive isolation is often manifested as hybrid male sterility, for which X-linked genes are overrepresented (the so-called large X effect). In contrast, X-linked genes are significantly under-represented among testisexpressing genes. This seeming contradiction may be germane to the X:autosome imbalance hypothesis on hybrid sterility, in which the X-linked effect is mediated mainly through the misexpression of autosomal genes. In this study, we compared gene expression in fertile and sterile males in the hybrids between two Drosophila species. These hybrid males differ only in a small region of the X chromosome containing the Ods-site homeobox (OdsH ) (also known as Odysseus) locus of hybrid sterility. Of genes expressed in the testis, autosomal genes were, indeed, more likely to be misexpressed than X-linked genes under the sterilizing action of OdsH. Since this mechanism of X:autosome interaction is only associated with spermatogenesis, a connection between X:autosome imbalance and the high rate of hybrid male sterility seems plausible.

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Traditional manually establish a military scenario is a time-consuming and costly task. The question of representing the mission plan associated with military scenario domain does not yet have a single firm solution. While there is a clear need to capture the internal relationships among the military scenario resources, including unit, equipment, task, force, and COA. The main aim of this research was to investigate how OWL-based ontology, RDF-based metadata, Jena, and MSDL technologies can be used to develop Semantic-based Military Scenario Development platform (SMSD platform) in the military scenario domain. The SMSD platform is implemented based on the multiplelayered military scenario development framework. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of SMSD platform, the study shows how military commander can be assisted to semi-automatically generate a military mission plan with MSDL document.

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