Aquaculture is one of the fast-growing industries in the past decades. The fast expansion of aquaculture largely relies on the introduction and use of non-native species. This forms a paradox: some species significantly contribute to the fast expansion of aquaculture, while negative effects associated with unregulated introduction and irresponsible use of non-native species are increasing in number and area affected. However, lessons from reported disasters are slowly learned, and risks raised have been highly overlooked. Here, we discuss the known and potential risks derived from the introduction and use of non-native species in China to urge the necessity of incorporating sound management into sustainable aquaculture. Sound management needs to be performed based on the characteristics of each aquaculture activity or related event. We discuss risks based on aquaculture activities or related events popularly employed in the past decades in China, including (i) transfers of non-native species; (ii) fellow travellers, accidental introductions; (iii) artificial hybridization; and (iv) mass release of non-native species for ranching. For each aquaculture activity or related event, we provide general background, status of this activity, risks raised and recommendations for management. Finally, we call for the collaboration of researchers from academia, government and aquaculture industry for proper risk assessment and sound management for sustainable development of aquaculture.

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Strong metal−support interaction (SMSI) has been widely recognized for platinum-group metals on reducible oxide supports. Herein we report that the catalytic activity of Ni catalyst in CO 2 methanation is significantly suppressed over conventional anatase (a-TiO 2 ) support due to the SMSI-induced formation of a titania overlayer around the Ni nanoparticles. Furthermore, CO is the only product . In contrast, the NH 3 -treatment and H 2 -treatment of the a-TiO 2 support enhance remarkably the activity of Ni, i.e., CO 2 conversion increases by 1 order of magnitude and CO 2 is hydrogenated almost exclusively to CH 4 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H 2 and CO chemisorption, and low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveal that the enhanced CO 2 methanation activity may be related with the Ti 3+ species in the bulk that are generated by reduction treatment, which likely have altered the SMSI between Ni and a-TiO 2 support. This simple reduction treatment approach may be applicable to modulate the SMSI of other reducible oxide-supported metal catalysts.