Research on carbon emission is an important basis for solving global climate problems, and it is also one of the ways to quantitatively assess the impact of human activities. Cities are one of the main bearing spaces of human activities, and reasonable urban form is conducive to reducing energy consumption in human activities. This paper takes 50 clusters within Zhuhai, China, as the research object, quantifies the landscape spatial form index and social spatial form index of each cluster and establishes the index set of urban spatial form, so as to analyze the influence of different urban spatial form index on carbon emission. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From the spatial distribution of each index, the urban cluster size and residential building area of each cluster in Zhuhai are generally large, and the distribution is basically consistent with that of densely populated areas. The urban clusters with high dominance are mainly located in the main urban area of Xiangzhou District, and the urban compactness, dispersion and industrial building area are generally high in the west and low in the east. (2) The size of urban clusters, industrial building area and residential building area have a strong promoting effect on carbon emission, while the compactness, dispersion and dominance of urban clusters have a strong inhibiting effect on carbon emission. (3) Based on the above conclusions, the low-carbon urban spatial form optimization strategy should be proposed from three aspects: urban development boundary control, promoting industrial structure transformation and compact urban development.