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The salience of social risks and the incidence of various crises in China have induced widespread concerns among urban residents. Encountering frequent risks places higher demands on the cognition of urban residents. The concept of safety cognition capability is defined within the context of urban residents' daily life, and measurement instruments are developed and tested to lay the foundation for grasping the current safety cognition capability of urban residents and conducting further research. In this study, the five-dimensional structure of urban residents' safety cognition capability (URSCC) was proposed by using the grounded theory method to sort out the interview transcript of interviews with 30 urban residents, and a 38-item URSCC scale was designed and used for surveys conducted in China. The results show that the scale can be used as a valid tool to measure the URSCC, and it can help city managers to better understand the safety needs of residents, as well as monitor the effectiveness of policy implementation.

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Fire is one of the disasters that frequently threaten public safety and social development, especially in developing countries such as China. The occurrence and spread of fire have distinctive characteristics. The analysis of fire causes and the summary of the unique patterns of fire with socioeconomic development and time can provide guidance and services for fire prevention. Therefore, based on the official data of China from 1999 to 2019, the current situation of fires in China is described in terms of four indicators, including the number of fires, the number of deaths, the number of injuries, and direct losses. In addition, the current situation, temporal volatility, and causes of the more severe fires in China were analyzed. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model was used to assess the fire patterns in China in the last two decades. The spatial correlation of fires in each province of China was analyzed by the Moran’s I index and LISA index. The results show that the overall fire situation in China has improved in the last two decades. Still, the spatial aggregation of fires is becoming more and more apparent, and human factors are the leading cause of fires in China. The study can provide a theoretical and decision-making basis for fire situation prognosis, fire prevention, and effective spatial allocation of fire prevention resources in China and other countries.

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