BackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is a common female malignant cancer. The age of incidence has become younger than before. If the diagnosis is during stage I, then the survival rate is about 90%. To date, there are no specific tumor markers for endometrial cancer. We usually use serum CA125 to help in diagnosing it. However, a serum biomarker CA125 greater than 35 U/ml is not useful in diagnosing EC at an early stage. Now, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been intensively studied, and has been described as a new marker for ovarian cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of serum HE4 in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer by meta-analysis.MethodsWe used MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CBM databases to search the literature. The meta-analysis was performed by using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.ResultsAll data we obtained showed that the major advantage of HE4 lies in its specificity in endometrial cancer diagnosis. Its sensitivity in serum was not as high as expected. But this evidence is not enough.ConclusionsAdditional studies, particularly to evaluate HE4’s capability in identifying EC at an early stage, will be needed.

The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) genotypes among Han women with high-grade cervical lesions in Beijing, China.Cervical cell specimens from patients with histopathologically confirmed cervical lesions at 7 hospitals in Beijing were examined with a validated HPV kit for 13 hr-HPV genotypes during the study period. The patients were divided into a low-grade cervical lesions group (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, CIN1) and a high-grade cervical lesions group (CIN2+, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, CIN2; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, CIN3; squamous cervical cancer, SCC; and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, ACC) based on the histopathology results.A total of 2817 eligible patients were enrolled, including 610 cases identified as CIN1 and 2207 as CIN2+. The hr-HPV positive rates in the CIN1 and CIN2+ groups were 78.2% (477/610) and 93.3% (2060/2207), respectively. The most frequently detected genotypes were HPV16, 58, 52 and18 in the CIN1 group and HPV16, 58, 33, and 52 in the CIN2+ group, in descending order of prevalence. In addition, the prevalence of HPV18 among the patients with ACC was 28.6% (14/49), significantly >7.2% (54/752) prevalence among the SCC patients (P < 0.001). Additionally, significantly more women in the CIN2+ group had multiple infections compared with those in the CIN1 group (38.1% and 24.9%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, as the cervical lesion grade increased, the prevalence of multiple hr-HPV infections gradually deceased to 44.2% in the CIN2 patients, 36.7% in the CIN3 patients, and 35.3% in the cervical cancer (CC) patients, which included SCC and ACC patients. In cases of multiple hr-HPV infections in the CIN2+ group, double infections accounted for ∼76.6%, and HPV16+58, HPV16+52, and HPV16+18 were the most common combinations, in descending order. The most frequent combination for triple infections was HPV16+58+31, with a rate of 4.2%. The highest positive rate occurred in the ≤24 year-old group for all types of cervical lesions.The prevalence of HPV genotypes in the targeted population with high-grade cervical lesions differs from that of other countries. This information could be helpful for the prevention of CC in Beijing, China.