The findings from the current study indicating the positive association between BMI and cognitive function depends on height, therefore it is suggested that short people might be targeted for dementia prevention.

Objectives Because of increasing geriatric population in Iran, the present study aims to plan, prevent, and mitigate the complications among the retired elderly of the Tehran Municipality Pension Organization and then investigate its relation to gender. Methods & MaterialsThe descriptive and analytic approach was adopted on 300 elderly subjects who were 60 years and older (Mean [SD]: 68.14[7.11] years). The subjects were selected using random sampling method. All the elderly subjects were retired members of the Tehran Municipality Administration. The data were collected by direct reference to the subjects' home and conducting interviews. The data collection tool included questionnaires with two sections. The first section consisted of the demographic, socioeconomic, and health profiles, and the second section consisted of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 18. Results Among the elderly subjects in this study, 175 (54%) had no disability, 125 (46%) were disabled, and 19.13% had mild disability. The average disability rate was 5.6% in females and 4.38% in males; these rates were high compared to the present rate in the society. However, the lowest rate of disability (0.72% in males and 1.07% in females) was related to self-caring and personal health. Conclusion In conclusion, the retired elderly of Tehran Municipality Administration showed a lower level of disability compared to those of other developed countries. However, there is an increasing need for setting up geriatric cares units as the population pattern of elderly people is rising in Iran. In addition, the rate of disability was found to be higher in females (58.14%) compared to males (53.31%), which shows a significant relation of disability status with gender and age (P<0.001). A B S T R A C T Keywords:Disability, Elderly, Tehran City council, Sex The aging population has been associated with the increase in the rate of disability I among these elderly. Studies have shown that the extent of disability in activities and chronic diseases is inversely related to cognitive performance and quality of life [2]. Disability is a good indicator of health risk assessment in the elderly population that includes the limitation of the ability to perform social roles and activities related to the job or continuing independent life. The incidence of disability is related to several factors. No study has been carried out in this aspect in the Tehran Municipality Pension Organization. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the extent of disability in the elderly people and its relationship with gender. Methods & MaterialsThe Tehran Municipality Pension Organization has covered over 7400 retired employees. This study is a correlational and descriptive-analytical research carried out on 300 people aged 60 years and older (Mean [SD]: 68.14[7.11] years), who were covered by Tehran Municipality Pension Organization. These participants were selected using random sampling method and the study data were colle...

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Introduction: Social support is a leading contributing factor for older adults' well-being. The present study aimed to compare the impact of two-way (providing and receiving) social support on the well-being of Iranian older adults. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1280 community-dwelling older adults in Tehran, Iran, 2020. The researcher used the clustered sampling method and the 2-way Social Support Scale (SSS) to collect samples and measure social support, respectively. The well-being was measured by the self-reported World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to compare the effects of social support aspects on well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 70.90 (SD=8.07), and about 70% of the sample was married. The mean scores of taking and providing social support were 20.70 ±7.52 and 17.71 ±7.82, respectively. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that providing social support is significantly associated with the well-being of older adults beyond and over receiving social support and possible contributing factors (∆F=30.25; ∆R2= 0.39, p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that providing social support is more important than receiving it. Older adults should participate in social activities to provide social support.