This study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at the Maiduguri Metropolitan abattoir, Borno State, between the months of January to June 2015. Out of the 202 fecal samples collected from camels of both sexes and analyzed for the prevalence of segments, worms or oocyts of gastrointestinal parasites of camels. The overall prevalence of 69.3% was recorded, Strongyle eggs 83 (41.1%) was the most dominant, followed by Strongyloides species 19 (9.5%), Coccidia 15 (7.4%), Trichuris species 9 (4.5 %), Ciliates 7 (3.5%), Fasciola species 2 (0.9%), Monezia species 2 (0.9%), Balantidium species 1 (0.5%), Amphistomes species 1 (0.5%) and Ascaris 1 (0.5%) respectively. Prevalent rate was higher in female 81 (40.10%) compared to the male camels 59 (29.21%). Prevalence was also found to be higher in adult 96 (47.50%) compared to young camels 44 (21.78). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites are more frequent in camels in slim body condition score 82 (40.49%) compared to camels in good body condition 58 (28.71%). It was concluded that gastrointestinal parasites of various species are still common amongst trade camels in the study area. This may constitute a major health and economic problem in the camel production in the arid and semi-arid northeastern Nigeria.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Gallibacterium anatis; isolate the bacterium and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in apparently healthy village chickens in the study area. Out of the total of 150 samples which comprises of 75 tracheal and 75 cloacal swab samples collected from apparently healthy chickens of both sexes and various age groups analysed, 37 samples were found positive for Gallibacterium anatis with an overall prevalence rate of 24.67%. The bacterium was more prevalent in village chickens sampled from village poultry farmers households (17.33%) compared to those sampled from the live birds markets (7.33%). Isolation of the bacterium was more frequent in the tracheal swabs (18.67%) than in cloacal swabs (6.0%) (P = 0.0055). The prevalence of the bacterium was higher in the females (24.67%) than in the male (0.0%) chickens (P<0.0001 at 95% CI) and was also more prevalent in the adult than the young chickens (P<0.0001 at 95% CI). The prevalence of the bacterium among village chickens in this study may be associated with inadequate husbandry systems and poor hygiene. The non-haemolytic strain of the bacterium was more prevalent among the isolates compared to the haemolytic strains. The isolate of G. anatis showed negative reactions to urease, coagulase, indole and maltose test, but showed positive reactions to test with catalase, sucrose, phosphatase oxidase and sorbitol test. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that isolates were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, moderately susceptible to streptomycin and ofloxacin but resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol. To control the spread of the bacterium among poultry species, adequate biosecurity measures should be put in place in all level of village poultry production system and initiation of public awareness against misuse of antibiotic by poultry farmers to avoid drug resistance.