Objectives: The reliability and educational quality of videos on YouTube for patients seeking information regarding instrument separation in root canal treatment were evaluated. Materials and Methods: YouTube was searched for videos on instrument separation in root canal treatment. Video content was scored based on reliability in terms of 3 categories (etiology, procedure, and prognosis) and based on video flow, quality, and educational usefulness using the Global Quality Score (GQS). Descriptive statistics were obtained and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The highest mean completeness scores were obtained for videos published by dentists or specialists (1.48 ± 1.06). There was no statistically significant difference among sources of upload in terms of content completeness. The highest mean GQS was found for videos published by dentists or specialists (1.82 ± 0.96), although there was no statistically significant correlation between GQS and the source of upload. Conclusions: Videos on YouTube have incomplete and low-quality content for patients who are concerned about instrument separation during endodontic treatment, or who experience this complication during endodontic treatment.

To evaluate which laser system is more effective on smear layer removal when distilled water or combination of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are used as irrigants. Ninety‐six human mandibular premolar teeth were used. Standard access cavities were prepared and the root canals were enlarged using ProTaper system to size F4 and divided into two equal groups according to final irrigation solution. In Group 1, distilled water was used, whilst 2.5% NaOCI and 17% EDTA solutions were used in Group 2. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups according to the activation procedure. In Subgroups 1A (Control) and 2A, no activation protocol was applied. In other subgroups, Er:YAG laser using photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS; 1B and 2B), Nd:YAG laser (1C and 2C) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (1D and 2D) were applied for the activation. Teeth were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy evaluation. Smear layer was scored at 1000× magnification in all thirds. The data were analysed statistically using Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test post hoc comparisons. The samples irrigated with distilled water had greater smear layer scores when compared with the combination of NaOCl and EDTA (p < .05). The efficacy of smear layer removal increased when using laser systems (p < .05). Smear layer was removed more effectively in the coronal and middle levels compared to the apical level (p < .05). The sequential use of NaOCl and EDTA is significantly more effective than distilled water in smear layer removal. Regardless of the type of irrigant, laser activated irrigation enhances smear layer removal. Research Highlights The use of laser systems for activation of NaOCl and EDTA is the most effective method in terms of smear layer removal. Photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming technique with Er:YAG laser was the most efficient smear layer removal method regardless of the solution used.

Background. This research aimed to investigate and compare the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation using ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and TruNatomy systems. Methods. Forty-five extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single canals with similar lengths were used. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), or TruNatomy (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) files. Apically extruded debris during preparation was gathered into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. Then the Eppendorf tubes were incubated at 70°C for five days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed again to determine their final weight plus the extruded debris. Results. The TRN system resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the PTN system (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the PTN and PTG groups and between the PTG and TRN groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. All the instrumentation systems caused apical extrusion of debris. However, the TRN system resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the other systems.

Endodontik tedavideki gelişmeler yalnızca tedavi enstruman ve araçlarında değil, teşhis ve görüntüleme yöntemlerinde de devam etmektedir. Geleneksel

Background: Procedural complications and workload have been reported as sources of stress in dentistry. Aim: To investigate the impact of endodontic workload and allocated treatment time of dentists on perceived stress and frequency of complications Material and Methods: The online survey included questions to evaluate the average number of root canal treatments per week, stress levels during root canal treatment, frequency of single-visit root canal treatments, time spent on single-visit treatments, frequency of endodontic complications per week, preference for management of complication, and proposed solutions. Results: A negative correlation was found between endodontic workload and perceived stress, which was statistically significant at slight and moderate stress levels (P < 0.05). Amongst the clinicians who feel “very stressful” during the treatment, the clinicians who allocate only 20 minutes or less per treatment had the highest frequency, and their numbers were significantly higher than clinicians who spent 20–40 minutes per treatment (P < 0.05). Amongst the clinicians who experience instrument separation 4–6 times/week, the number of clinicians who spent 40–60 minutes or more than 60 minutes per root canal treatment was significantly lower in comparison to the number of clinicians who spent 20–40 minutes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the quality of dental equipment and reducing the time pressure on dentists might result in lesser stress levels of clinicians and fewer endodontic complications.