The determination of the most economical generation dispatch in an electrical power system has become a very important issue globally. However, economical dispatch can no longer be considered alone because of environmental problems that are derived from emissions such as nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. In this study, the problem of environmental economic load dispatch (EELD) in a power system of six generators is addressed both by neglecting and including line transmission losses using a modified genetic algorithm and a modified artificial bee colony optimization method. The results of these modified algorithms are compared with those of the unmodified versions. The results demonstrate that the proposed new methods have better economic and environmental distribution performances. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the new methods are more effective and should be adopted.
This paper describes and analyzes the Turkish Build-Operate-Transform (BOT) model for electric power projects. The BOT procedure was created for financing and implementing public projects thorough the involvement of private sector, thus reducing the financing issues without increasing the extemal debt. The BOT procedure for formulating and evaluating projects is a rather new tool for governmental decision making. Given the limitation of resources. choices must be made among competing uses of resources based on the extent to which they help the country to achieve its fundamental objectives. One of the well known methods of presenting this choice between competing uses of resources in a suitable and comprehensible fashion is called Social Benefit Cost Analysis (SBSA ). The paper provides a comparison of the results obtained by evaluating the same hydro-electric power project by both BOT and SBCA procedures and tries to explore under what assumptions the two procedures lead to diverging conclusions. What is revealed fkom this exercise is that, the decisions whether a BOT project is beneficial or not are highly sensitive to the basic assumptions about the discount rate to calculate the present worth of costs and benefits, the concession period for the operation of the plant and the guarantees provided by the govemment to the joint venture undertaking the project. OVERVIEWThe BOT model is a new tool for developing countries for providing the required financing and technical development to implement infiastructure projects. Indeed, in addition to financing the projects without increasing the external debt, another purpose of using BOT is to import new technology to the country and to provide training for the local M.The principle of BOT model is rather simple. The host government requiring an infrastructure project asks for private investors to undertake the project, with the financing mainly provided by the them. In order to implement the project fiom construction to the operation period, a corporation called joint venture is'created by the project promoters, in which the shareholders are the promoters themselves, the constructors and the operators of the project. The joint venture is the legal entity dealing with the project and i s required to find the necessary funds to complete the financing scheme. The host govemment provides a contract called a concession contract in which the joint venture is given the right to build and operate the project for a given period. The length of the period is based on the level of the revenues which the joint venture needs to repay the debt service (principal and interest), equity service and the retum on the investments for share holders. The govemment signs an energy sales contract with the joint venture company. In the Turkish BOT model this agreement states that all the power the project provides will be purchased by Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK) even if it is not needed. The annual price of the electricity produced is calculated by dividing total costs (including the oper...
The aim of unit commitment problem in power systems has been converted from cost minimization to profit maximization with the liberalization of power markets. The generation companies (GENCOs) schedule the units to maximize their profit for the forecasted prices in day ahead market (DAM). The generation scheduling of generators in deregulated environment is called as Profit Based Unit Commitment (PBUC). In this paper, an application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed to solve PBUC problem. The method is applied to 3units power system. The results are compared with the methods in the literature. As shown in the study, the proposed AHP method introduces its applicability and efficiency for solving the unit commitment problem in a day ahead market.
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