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Background Avoiding deemed necessary healthcare needs may worsen prognosis and treatment options, and damage people’s ability to perform their roles in society. Our study investigates why people avoid healthcare services in an upper-middle-income country, Türkiye. Methods We apply TurkStat’s 2012 Health Survey Data that includes a comprehensive health and social-demographic information of 28,055 survey participants who were 15 + aged. We use bivariate probit model to analyze the avoidance behavior in inpatient level in accordance with outpatient level because of the observed significant correlation between people’s avoidance behavior under tertiary and lower level health care. Results The findings show that 2.6% of 15 + aged population avoided deemed necessary hospital services. Furthermore, we found that high cost (31%), organizational factors (21%) and fear (12%) are prominent reasons of avoiding tertiary care. Thereafter, in our bivariate probit model findings, we figure out that being covered by social security schemes decreases the probability of avoiding both outpatient and inpatient health services by 6.9%. Moreover, being female, living in rural area, having lower income increase the chance of being avoider in both stages of healthcare. Conclusion We conclude that social inequalities are the main underlying determinants of the avoiding behavior.

In the context of capitalist labour market, employers expect a lot of work from their employees in a short time to maximize their profits and this reveal the time pressure or overload of work as an element of mobbing. As changing world conditions made it necessary to reconsider the definition of mobbing, in our study we included time pressure and overload of work in definition of mobbing and analysed the odds of facing mobbing at the workplace via logistic regression using a nationally representative Health Survey of Turkey Micro Data Set 2012 considering a sample of 7,377 employed & 15+ aged individuals considering a large group of independent variables as factors. Firstly, it is seen that the prevalence of mobbing was 22.87% and being female, being young, low educated, having chronic mental diseases, significantly increasing chance of being under exposure to mobbing. We found that work difficulty is increasing the mobbing risk almost 6 times. Also, people working in human health sector are mobbed more than 2 times compared to the working in education sector.

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