Background: Recent studies have shown an increase in prevalence of different types of headache among students all over the world. Objective: To determine the prevalence of, triggering and associated factors primary headaches among medical students with the aim of increasing awareness about this particular health issue. Participants and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2019 on 196 students, college of medicine, Northern Border University (NBU). Results: A one hundred and nighty six student participants, their mean age was 21.73 ±15.6 with prevalence of headache 88.7% among them. headache participants aged 22 years and younger accounting for 88.7% compared to 88.9% for those aged more than 22 years with statistically insignificant finding. The study revealed that, 100% of the female participants reported headache compared to 80% of males with statistically significant results (p<0.001), OR 0.8 (0.72-0.87). Higher grade group (more than 3rd year) reported headache 92.4% compared to 85.6% for lower grade group (3rd and less) but the difference was statistically none significant. Regarding effect of BMI on headache prevalence among our Participants showed, those with normal weight were insignificantly more likely to suffer from headache 90.6% compared to overweight and obese 85.5% p>0.05. Most common cited triggering factors were sleep disturbance (86.2%), noise exposure (83.3%), over study (81.6%) and fatigue (75.9%), More than two thirds (69%) mentioned anxiety. More than half (60.9%) reported bright light and hunger sensation (59.8%). more than two thirds (72.4%) of the participants had social troubles in the last year. Most of the participants (60.9%) received analgesics for headache and physician was the source of advice in 33% Conclusion: Primary headache is highly prevalent among medical students with female predominant which was mainly related to sleep disturbance, noise exposure, over study, fatigue, hunger sensation. social troubles reported in more than two thirds of headache participants and Most of the participants (60.9%) received analgesics for headache and physician was the source of advice in 33% only. Keyword: Prevalence, Headache, headache characteristics, triggering factors, associated symptoms.

Background: The term "hyperlipidemia" (HL) refers to a set of genetic and acquired illnesses where the body's lipid levels are increased. The primary strategy for lowering illness frequency and spread is to educate the public about modifiable risk factors. The current study aims to demonstrate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of HL among the adult population in Arar city, northern Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed; including 300 respondents utilizing a self-administered questionnaire, their mean age was 27.7 ± 9.5 years old. Obesity was reported most often risk factor (85%) followed by a diet rich in sugars (81%), physical inactivity (74.3%), diabetes mellitus (66.3%), smoking (52%) and hereditary (48.7%). 93.7% agreed that regular lipid profile screening is essential. Less than one-third of the participants had screened for their lipid profile (30.3%) of whom the physician or hospital visit reported most often reason (59.3%). Conclusion:Although most adults are aware of the risk factors for HL, only one-third have ever had their lipid profile checked.

The term "noise-induced hearing loss" (NIHL) refers to sensorineural hearing loss brought on by either acute acoustic trauma or prolonged exposure to loud noises. Noise exposure has the potential to permanently change the hearing threshold due to irreparable damage to the inner ear. Many risk factors affect the incidence of NIHL including personal factors; such as genetic factors, age, sex, and lifestyle; and elements relating to the noise; such as the length of exposure, its volume, and frequency. This study aims to explore the updated evidence concerning the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of Noise Induced Hearing Loss that were carried out worldwide. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. Using Rayyan QCRI, study papers were screened by title and abstract before being subjected to a full-text evaluation. Eleven research studies with participants of different ages and sexes appropriate to NIHL were included in this review and the relation between different variables with NIHL was discussed. NIHL is a significant problem, especially among industry workers with a high risk of noise exposure. The primary risk factors for NIHL are noise exposure type, intensity, and duration. Smoking and alcohol consumption also significantly affect hearing performance.

BackgroundChanges in the anatomical structures and function of the ear can result in ear diseases, and may affect all age groups including the elderly as a result of agingObjectiveTo identify the frequency and types of ear diseases among the elderly attending Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz bin Musa’ed Al Saud hospital, Arar city, in the Northern Province of KSA, and factors associated with ear infections among them.MethodsThis cross-sectional hospital based study conducted from December 2016 through May 2017 included 138 elderly participants. A questionnaire was designed for collecting data about socio-demographic variables, the frequency and types of ear diseases among participants, and factors associated with ear infections among them. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15, using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test.ResultsFindings showed that 49.3% of the participants were suffering from ear disease. Hearing impairment was detected in 37% of the elderly people studied. In addition, 9.4% and 2.9 % of the participants suffered from otitis media and otitis interna, respectively. None of the studied factors had a significant effect on the development and pattern of ear infection among the studied population.ConclusionEar diseases were found among the participants with variable rates. More than one third of respondents suffered from hearing impairment. Ear infections were detected in lower rates. Although these problems are not life threating, they negatively impact the quality of life, and measures are needed for prevention and control.