Background, Ependymal tumors are uncommon in intracranial tumors. Ependymal origin usually involves an intraventricular localization. Exceptional intraparenchymal extra ventricular locations have been described. We report a case of extra ventricular ependymoma managed in our department. Description du cas. Une fillette de 8 ans a été admise pour une hémiparésie gauche qui progressait depuis deux semaines associée à des maux de tête chroniques. L’examen neurologique a noté une force musculaire évaluée à 4/5 dans l’hémicorps gauche. L’imagerie médicale a permis de mettre en évidence une masse pariétale temporale droite volumineuse mixte, intraparenchymateuse, évoquant d’abord un astrocytome diffus (grade II de l’OMS). Après excision totale macroscopique, l’histologie et l’immunohistochimie ont conclu qu’il s’agissait d’un épendymome de grade II de l’OMS. Cinq mois après l’opération, le patient était asymptomatique et la tomodensitométrie de contrôle n’était pas remarquable. Après un suivi de 4 ans, le patient est resté asymptomatique. Conclusion. Le diagnostic d’épendymome extraventriculaire était une surprise histologique. L’ablation chirurgicale de cette lésion n’était pas un problème. Le cours était satisfaisant en l’absence de traitement adjuvant (chimiothérapie et/ou radiothérapie).

Introduction: Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations usually leave the family in disarray and doctors’ staff powerless. In developed countries, the rigorous application of preventive measures has contributed to a significant reduction incidence of these malformations. In African societies, mystical-religious considerations and low socio-economic level contribute to the increased occurrence of these malformations.  The purpose of this work was to evaluate the prevalence and management of CNS malformations in our neurosurgical department. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the neurosurgery department of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, in Ouagadougou, from 2016 to 2019.  All cases of CNS malformations managed in the department with a workable medical record were reviewed. Results:  Five hundred and twenty-four cases were selected. The prevalence of malformations was 7.05%.  The mean age of patients was 1.48 years (1 day and 76 years). Thirty-one (5.9%) cases of CNS malformations were diagnosed antenatally. One hundred and twenty-four (23.6%) ultrasounds (including 51 antenatal), 418 CT scans (79.7%) and 9 MRIs (1.7%) were performed. Hydrocephalus [(n = 219 (41.7%)] and spina bifida [(n = 213 (40.6%)] were the most common pathologies. Surgical treatment was indicated in 435 cases (83%) of which 179 (41.1%) could be operated. After a follow-up of 15.8 months, there were 46.3% sequelae identified. Conclusion:  CNS malformations are common in our context.  They are not always prone to be treated surgically and are at the origin of many neurological sequelae and lifelong disability. Hence there is an urgent need to focus on improving preventive measures in Sub-Saharan Africa.