Advertising is a form of communication which has one main function: to make the audience buy the advertised product or subscribe to the services displayed. Consumer advertisements employ more than one mode of communication in designing messages that target their audiences. This often causes interpretational difficulties to the target audiences. This study examined how language co-occurs with the other semiotic forms as used in Safaricom advertisements. The study examined how the visual texts in Safaricom newspaper advertisements impact on the audience's purchasing decisions, analyzed how visual semiotics and written language were used in the Safaricom advertisements to aid meaning interpretation and determined the impact of using the visual images and written language on the audience's ability to interpret the messages. The data analysis was based on Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) a theoretical framework by Kress and Van Leeuwen.

In Kenya there are obstacles to access to information at the county level which include among other issues-Language barrier. This has impeded public participation hindering county development. This is augmented by Kenya Institute of Economic Affairs report, World Bank report and First Devolution Conference report. The financial jargon used in Homa Bay County's budget discourse texts hinders public participation which has formed a communication breakdown between the county government of Homa Bay and the public. Findings on Discourse Analysis from various linguists do not explain "discourse exclusion", a peculiar case where the county government and the people are constitutionally mandated to engage in a discourse but fails to do so due to relevance. This research article looked into relationship between relevance at both lexical and phrasal levels of the financial budget discourse texts of Homa Bay County Government in Kenya. A conceptual framework used was multi way interactive model (Ryan et al 1982) whose tenet is interaction of various variables. Two theories used include; Communication Accommodation Theory (Coupland & Giles,1988) whose tenets include; source, message, transmitter and signal, received signal, receiver, and destination and Relevance Theory (Sperber &Wilson,2004)whose tenets include; cognitive effects, processing effort and contextual assumptions. The study used descriptive design; the research area is Homa Bay County. The population includes 428,911 persons who had attained the voting age of 18 years and budget discourse texts between 2014 and 2016.Purposive sampling was used to select 43 members of the public, and 20 linguistic items that form the budget discourse text between 2014 and 2016.Data collection techniques involved; use of questionnaires, structured oral interviews, tape recording, focused group discussion and content analysis of available documents. Data analysis was done thematically and presented in textual and tabular forms; descriptive design was used. Findings show that phrasal processing effort is cognitively more involving than lexical processing effort. The study is significant in building pragmatic and translation theories, editing and enhances public communication mechanisms for the wider economic development.

This study closely looks at the Safaricom Chattitude advertisement for any form of representation of the social variation exhibited therein. Language use tends to establish specific social group uniqueness. Certain unique terms would include culturally specific vocabulary, context sensitive topics and shared attitudes. It is more than likely then that an advertisement would influence the consumer by defining 'reality' in a way that would make him or her respond positively to the product. The purpose of this article is to use an animated advertisement to demonstrate how social distance and proximity is reflected in verbal, and in indirect or paralinguistic communication. The study adopted an analytical research design domiciled within the qualitative methods and employed a hybrid version of Social Identity Theory in the process of analysing data.

The objective of this paper is to discuss the perception of court interpreters towards their role in courtroom communication. The paper is based on the premise that court interpreters are influenced by certain roles which they have to adhere to. Based on the concepts of these roles, this paper evaluates the perception of the interpreters in terms of accuracy, omissions, interruptions and impartiality when negotiating between Dholuo and English languages. The paper shows that the interpreters have almost similar perception about their roles.