Background: Light-activated visual pigment is inactivated by phosphorylation and then regenerated. In this regeneration cycle, phosphates incorporated should be removed. Results: Dephosphorylation was more effective in cones than in rods and did not show substrate preference during the cycle. Conclusion: Phosphorylated visual pigment is dephosphorylated constantly in the regeneration cycle in both rods and cones. Significance: A mechanism of visual pigment regeneration is known.

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Structural diversity of glycans is essential for a variety of biological functions, such as immune response. However, the accurate and rapid identification of glycan structures is difficult due to the presence of complex isomeric forms. In this study, we performed replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations of a set of isomeric pyridylaminated (PA) glycans. We newly developed force field parameters of PA-glycans for the simulations. We calculated the distribution of collision cross-sections for each isomer, which is directly comparable to the ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) experiments, by using a set of conformers in trajectories. Our REMD results provide a structural basis of the observed IM-MS data for isomeric PA-glycans. 3P315 Bio-inspired Connectivity Self-Healing in Wireless Mesh Networks Rui Teng, Ryu Miura (The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan)Self-healing is a phenomenon widely found in the biology systems. For example, in the wound healing, cells around the wound area are "polarized" with a directional movement, accompanying with a collective behavior of cells. This paper studies the self-healing mechanism of wireless mesh network in case there are disconnections among mesh base stations. The target is to enable the discovery and recovery of disconnected mesh base station by the adjustment of the communication patterns of mesh base stations. We employ the directional antennas to adjust the communication connections among mesh base stations. By utilizing a collection operation of directional pairs, the network can be self-repaired and keep the high connectivity among network nodes. 3P316 桿体・錐体での視物質の脱リン酸化活性の比較 Highly effective Visual pigment Dephosphorylation in conesHiromi Yamaoka, Shuji Tachibanaki, Satoru Kawamura (Grad. Sch. Frontier Biosci., Osaka Univ.)In the vertebrate retina, rods mediate night vision, and cones daylight vision. In both cells, visual pigments are once activated by light to trigger phototransduction cascade, and then phosphorylated and inactivated. Visual pigments are regenerated so that the phosphates incorporated into opsin have to be removed. Cones function in daylight where quick pigment regeneration is required. For this, we expected that the removal of the phosphates (dephosphorylation) could be faster in cones. To examine it, we compared dephosphorylation activities between carp rods and cones. The activity was 4-fold higher in cone membranes than in rod membranes. In both rods and cones, the activity was increased by 60-fold by addition of the cytoplasmic fraction prepared from rods or cones.