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The paper proposes a three-dimensional buckling finite element method (FEM) to calculate the tilt limit force of the rectangular winding of an amorphous alloy transformer. The short-circuit leakage magnetic FEM is used to calculate the axially distributed force of the transformer. The maximum axial compression force is obtained by integrating the short-circuit distributed force along the axial height of the winding. The model is used to characterize the axial stability of the transformer by means of the maximum compression force and the size of the tilt limit force, and thus to formulate the evaluation criterion of the axial instability of the amorphous alloy transformer. The proposed method is verified by the calculation results of the tilt limit force and by checking the axial stability of the rectangular winding of an actual amorphous alloy transformer. The analysis results show that reducing the size difference of the rectangular winding between the long side and the short side and increasing the width of the wire will improve the tilt limit force. Experimental results of the short-circuit test on several amorphous alloy transformers verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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