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A water-dispersed dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)/poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS)/polypyrrole (PPY) composite was prepared by an in situ chemical polymerization method. The prepared solution was spun on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass plates at different rates of 2000 and 3000 rpm. The optical band gap energy (E g ) was calculated by UV spectroscopy. The band gap of the composite thin films was found at 1.89 eV and 1.93 eV, respectively. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum confirms the presence of dopant and co-dopant in the structure. The diode parameters were calculated from current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and discussed. The I-V characteristics of the devices indicated behavior of a Schottky diode. The ideality factor, barrier height (φ b ) and saturation current were investigated. The φ b was found to be 0.59 eV and 0.52 eV for 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm, respectively. The ideality factor was calculated from the slope of the linear region of the forward bias in the I-V curves and was found to be 6.4 and 13.5. The results of the present study reveal that the 2000 rpm coated ITO/DBSA/ PSS/PPY/Al device showed better nonlinearity behavior than the 3000 rpm one.

Polyaniline (PANI)/poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) has been prepared for various molar ratios of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (1, 2, 3 and 4 M, respectively) through in situ chemical polymerization method. The reaction temperature was 25°C for 3 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum confirms the attachment of the structure to functional groups. The intensity of PANI is increased with increasing HCl concentration. Scanning electron microscopic graphs reveal the irregular morphology. The complex impedance of the PANI/PSS shows two distinguished semicircles and the diameter of the arcs decreased with an increase in ammonia concentration at room temperature. The sensitivity of the sensor increased with time, and the maximum sensitivity is 7.4 at 3 M of HCl for 500 ppm. The results are discussed and reported.