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The industry is looking forward to technological advancements for productivity improvement, and this can be achieved by improving the machining performance concerned with the machinability challenges. The machinability investigation of carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber (CNTs/CF) reinforced compos-

We experimentally demonstrated an optical phase shifted quantizer using a cascade step-size MMI (CS-MMI), which was fabricated on a commercially available 220-nm SOI platform via multi-project wafer (MPW) process. An experimental setup was built to test the ability of the CS-MMI acting as a quantizer. The experimental results show that the proposed CS-MMI-based quantizer has an effective number of bit (ENOB) of 3.31bit, which is a little slighter than the ideal ENOB of 3.32bit. The operation range is 12 nm for ENOB≥3 bit. Moreover, the insertion loss of the CS-MMI is −1.26 dB at 1560 nm, the performance of the fabricated device agrees well with simulation results.