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Starting from grey model GM (2), this text deduce grey model GM (p). In theory, it strictly argument the reduction sequence have the consistency from two different forms of GM (p) model. The GM (2) model can ' t suit for high growth date sequence though the comparison. When the development coefficient of GM (1, 1) model is 1::; -a < 2, derivative reduction can improve the simulation accuracy and demonstrates this conclusion through examples.

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In this paper, the fast multipole virtual boundary element - least square method (Fast Multipole VBE - LSM) is proposed and used to simulate 2-D elastic problems, which is based on the fast multipole method (FMM) and virtual boundary element - least square method (VBE - LSM).The main idea of the method is to change computational model by applying the FMM to conventional VBE - LSM. The memory and operations could be reduced to be of linear proportion to the degree of freedom (DOF) and large scale problems could be effectively solved on a common desktop with this method. Numerical results show that this method holds virtues of high feasibility, accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, the idea of this method can be generalized and extended in application.

The basic theory of fast multipole virtual boundary element method (VBEM) is discussed through expanding the fundamental solution, and the algorithm can make the complexities of operation and memory about solution of the equations to be of linear proportion to the freedoms of the problem. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of the method. At the same time, the relationships between the order for expansion and the storage capacity, computing time, precision are analyzed, and the influence of boundary points in the leaf to the calculation efficiency is discussed. The corresponding reference value is put forward for the convenience of engineering application.