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. Purpose:  To estimate the prevalence of primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG), primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle‐closure suspect (PACS) and associated risk factors for PACG in a rural population in Northeast China. Methods:  A population‐based survey was conducted in Bin County, Harbin, Northeast China. Glaucoma was diagnosed using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Results:  A total of 4956 (86.01%) of 5762 subjects aged 40 years or older were examined. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of the right eyes was 14.0 mmHg. The mean vertical cup‐to‐disc ratio of the right and the left eyes was 0.31 and 0.31, respectively. The prevalence of PACG, PAC and PACS was 1.57% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.469–1.671], 1.33% (95% CI, 1.236–1.424), and 4.68% (95% CI, 4.541–4.819), respectively. Among all PACG subjects, 42 (53.84%) had elevated IOP >21 mmHg in either eye and 37 (47.44%) had been treated by laser, surgical iridectomy or trabeculectomy. Sixty‐four subjects (82.05%) had vision impairment of varying degrees. Multivariate analysis revealed that old age, family history of PACG, constipation and IOP were significant independent risk factors. Conclusions:  Primary angle‐closure glaucoma was a disease of high prevalence in rural Northeast China. Old age, family history of PACG, constipation and IOP were significant independent risk factors for PACG.

Transport vibration levels in trucks were measured as a function of truck speed, road conditions and load level. The trucks consisted of one normally loaded truck and one overloaded truck with leaf-spring suspensions. Truck speeds were divided into three groups: 0-30 km/h, 31-60 km/h and 61-90 km/h. Traffic roads consisted of highways, arterial roads (ARs), secondary roads (SRs) and tertiary roads (TRs). The results revealed that transport vibration levels increased with truck speed; TRs contributed to the highest transport vibration levels, followed by SRs, ARs and highways. The power spectral density peaks were at 3 or 3.5 Hz. Overloading probably suppressed transport vibration levels especially at low speeds.

With the rapid development of mobile information technology and social media networks, it is feasible for college English teachers to get access to social networks such as QQ, Email and MSN as a way of practicing English writing beyond classroom. Similarly, it is also possible for teachers to utilize WeChat Platform where online communities for students and teachers can be established to combine collaborative and mobile learning together as a complementary way of classroom writing teaching. WeChat Platform, as the most popular software in China, owns the advantages of transmitting instant message, videos and pictures, which supplies students more chances to collaborate and interact with each other/one another at different stages of writing tasks. This research explores the application collaborative learning of college English writing on WeChat Platform. Based on the one-semester research as well as the questionnaire of the pre-test and post-test, it is revealed that, although there are still a few challenges for students and teachers to face, this mode of college English writing contributes to cultivating the students’ team spirit, enhancing their initiative, improving their writing efficiency and developing their critical thinking by engaging in student-student and student-teacher collaboration and interaction, information sharing, communicating and socializing with classmates.