BACKGROUNDThe Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a resource that was designed to investigate long‐term effects among 5‐year survivors of childhood and adolescent malignancies. Previous studies have shown that exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiation can compromise pulmonary function in these survivors of childhood cancer.METHODSUsing information obtained from questionnaires from 12,390 childhood cancer survivors and 3546 randomly selected siblings, the authors evaluated the rate of first occurrence of 15 selected pulmonary conditions in three periods: during therapy, from the end of therapy to 5 years postdiagnosis, and ≥ 5 years postdiagnosis. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relative risks with 95% confidence intervals of reported pulmonary conditions by exposure to the following treatment variables: radiation therapy to the chest, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, busulfan, lomustine (CCNU), and/or carmustine (BCNU).RESULTSCompared with siblings, survivors had a statistically significant increased relative risk (RR) of lung fibrosis, recurrent pneumonia, chronic cough, pleurisy, use of supplemental oxygen, abnormal chest wall, exercise‐induced shortness of breath, bronchitis, recurrent sinus infection, and tonsillitis for all three periods. During the period of ≥ 5 years postdiagnosis, statistically significant associations were present for lung fibrosis and chest radiation (RR, 4.3; P = 0 001); for supplemental oxygen use and chest radiation (RR, 1.8; P < 0.001), BCNU (RR, 1.4; P = 0.05), bleomycin (RR, 1.7; P = 0.001), busulfan (RR, 3.2; P = 0.002), CCNU (RR, 2.1; P < 0.001), and cyclophosphamide (RR, 1.5; P = 0.01); for recurrent pneumonia and chest radiation (RR, 2.2; P = 0.001) and cyclophosphamide (RR, 1.6; P = 0.04); for chronic cough and chest radiation (RR, 2.0; P < 0.001), bleomycin (RR, 1.9; P < 0.001), and cyclophosphamide (RR, 1.3; P = 0.004); and for pleurisy and chest radiation (RR, 1.4; P = 0.02) and busulfan (RR, 5.1; P = 0.02). Chest radiation was associated with a 3.5% cumulative incidence of lung fibrosis at 20 years after diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSFor self‐report of pulmonary conditions, treatment‐related factors that continue to manifest > 5 years after diagnosis and treatment are important determinants of risk. Continued follow‐up of childhood cancer survivors is needed to evaluate the impact of pulmonary conditions on quality of life. Cancer 2002;95:2431–41. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10978

syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global threat to public health. Aiming to construct an efficient screening pattern, we comprehensively evaluated the performances of RT-PCR and chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19. Methods:The records including demographics, RT-PCR, and CT from 87 confirmed cases and 481 exclusion cases were collected. The diagnostic accuracy of the pharyngeal swab RT-PCR, CT, combination with the second pharyngeal swab RT-PCR or with CT were evaluated individually.Besides, all the stool RT-PCR results were plotted by time to explore the value of stool RT-PCR. Findings: Combination of RT-PCR and CT has the higher sensitivity (91.9%,79/86) than RT-PCR alone (78.2% ， 68/87) or CT alone (66.7%, 54 of 81) or combination of two RT-PCR tests (86.2%,75/87). There was good agreement between RT-PCR and CT (kappa-value, 0.430). In 34 COVID-19 cases with inconsistent results, 94.1% (n=32) are mild infection, 62.5% of which (20/32) showed positive RT-PCR. 46.7% (35/75) COVID-19 patients had at least one positive stool during the course. Two cases had positive stool earlier than the pharyngeal swabs. Importantly, one patient had consecutive positive stool but negative pharyngeal swabs.Interpretation: Combination of RT-PCR and CT with the highest sensitivity is an optimal pattern to screen COVID-19. RT-PCR is superior to CT in diagnosing mild infections. Stool RT-PCR should be considered as an item for improving discovery rate and hospital discharge. This study shed light for optimizing scheme of screening and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection. : medRxiv preprint person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital and family settings 2,6,7 . As of February 17, 2020, more than 71,000 laboratory-confirmed and 1,770 death cases have been documented in China and in other countries worldwide (including the USA, German, japan and South Korea) 8,9 . The mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 was around 2%. The WHO has recently declared the SARS-CoV-2 a public health emergency of international concern 10 . Thus, diagnostic tests specific for this infection are urgently needed for confirming suspected cases, screening patients and conducting virus surveillance.Identification of pathogens mainly includes virus isolation and viral nucleic acid detection.According to the traditional Koch's postulates, virus isolation is the gold standard for virus diagnosis in the laboratory. Thus, based on SARS-CoV-2 possesses a strong capability to infect humans, CDC recommends that clinical virology laboratories should not attempt viral isolation from specimens collected from COVID-19 patients under investigation. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus, the spectrum of the available diagnostic tools is tight. In the early stage, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in human clinical specimens by next-generation sequencing, cell culture, and electron microscopy 11 . Further development of accurate and rapid methods to identify this emergency . CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a author/funder, who has...

Cortex Pseudolaricis is the root bark of Pseudolarix amabilis Rehder, found only in China, and has been widely used in folk antifungal remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to find the natural antifungal agents against mango anthracnose, eight compounds, namely pseudolaric acid A (1), ethyl pseudolaric acid B (2), pseudolaric acid B (3), pseudolaric acid B-O-β-d-glucoside (4), piperonylic acid (5), propionic acid (6), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (7), and 4-(3-formyl-5-methoxyphenyl) butanoic acid (8) were isolated from the ethanol extracts of Cortex Pseudolaricis by bioassay-guided fractionation and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Results demonstrated that all of the eight compounds inhibited the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides at 5 μg/mL. Among them, pseudolaric acid B and pseudolaric acid A showed the strongest inhibition with the EC50 values of 1.07 and 1.62 μg/mL, respectively. Accordingly, both Pseudolaric acid B and Pseudolaric acid A highly inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of C. gloeosporioides. Dipping 100 μg/mL pseudolaric acid B treatment exhibited more effective suppression on postharvest anthracnose in mango fruit when compared to the same concentration of carbendazim. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that pseudolaric acid B caused alterations in the hyphal morphology of C. gloeosporioides, including distortion, swelling, and collapse. Pseudolaric acid B caused the mycelial apexes to show an abnormal growth in dimensions with multiple ramifications in subapical expanded areas with irregular shape. These findings warrant further investigation into optimization of pseudolaric acid B to explore a potential antifungal agent for crop protection.

Background and Purpose-Soluble corin was decreased in coronary heart disease. Given the connections between cardiac dysfunction and stroke, circulating corin might be a candidate marker of stroke risk. However, the association between circulating corin and stroke has not yet been studied in humans. Here, we aimed to examine the association in patients wtith stroke and community-based healthy controls. Methods-Four hundred eighty-one patients with ischemic stroke, 116 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and 2498 healthy controls were studied. Serum soluble corin and some conventional risk factors of stroke were examined. Because circulating corin was reported to be varied between men and women, the association between serum soluble corin and stroke was evaluated in men and women, respectively. Results-Patients

G astrointestinal Q5(GI) symptoms are highly prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranging from 17.6 % to 53 %. [1][2][3][4] The proposed mechanism for GI symptoms involves SARS-CoV-2 virus binding to the host cell's angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, commonly found in GI tract epithelial cells. 5 With an increasing population of patients recovering from acute infection, there is now interest in understanding post-COVID-19 sequelae. Our study aims to report GI sequelae 3 and 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 infection.