A novel quality evaluation method of Corydalis yanhusuo was established by researching the high-performance liquid chromatography behavior of alkaloids under different buffer solutions and exploring the correlation between alkaloids in C. yanhusuo. The retention times of tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline were significantly influenced by pH, while the peak shape was affected by buffer types and ionic strength. The resolution of compounds in fingerprint was satisfactory under acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid buffer (adjusted pH to 5.0 with triethylamine). Twelve common peaks were found by comparing 20 batches of C. yanhusuo fingerprints, and three tertiary alkaloids and four quaternary alkaloids were identified. The fingerprints were analyzed by similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. All samples were divided into three groups, and the contents of dehydrocorydaline and coptisine from Zhejiang province were relatively higher than other origins. There were six components performing more contributions to the quality of C. yanhusuo. The correlations between alkaloids were conducted by Pearson correlation analysis and mathematical model analysis. The content correlation between palmatine and berberine was y = 0.28x 2 + 0.03x + 0.03, and the dehydrocorydaline and coptisine was y = −7.54/(1 + (x/0.14) 0.5 ) + 2.61. The established mathematical model of alkaloids provided a guiding significance for the quality control of C. yanhusuo.

The quality of kiwifruit with three different packaging films were studied on the storage days. These kiwifruits were stored at 0±0.5°Cfor 120 days. Results showed that the kiwifruits with PVC films can keep a relative good quality during the storage life.

Taking kiwifruits stored 60 days at 0°C as material, studied on the effect of three temperature treatments on hardness and cell wall enzymes activity during the shelf life. The results indicated that the time of firmness decreased to 3 kg·cm-2 at 0°C extended 17 days and 29 days than at 10°Cand at 20°C respectively. Low temperature treatments could effectively inhibited PG, Cx and PE activities, thus extended shelf life. The time of PG activity reached the peak at 0°C was 28 days, later than at10°C and at 20°C by 16 days and 20 days respectively . The Cx activity peak at 0°C was 1.31×103 μg/h·g and much smaller than at 10°C 1.77×103μg/h·g and at 20°C 1.95×103μg/h·g. PE activity of 0°C has remained the lowest state after three days. So The best treatment was 0°C.

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Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction of droughts and floods is one of the major challenges of weather and climate prediction. Recent studies suggest that the springtime land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a new source of S2S predictability. The project “Impact of Initialized Land Surface Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (LS4P)” was initiated to study the impact of springtime LST/SUBT anomalies over high mountain areas on summertime precipitation predictions. The present work explores the simulated global scale response of the atmospheric circulation to the springtime TP land surface cooling by 16 current state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment. The LS4P-I results show, for the first time, that springtime TP surface anomalies can modulate a persistent quasi-barotropic Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train from the TP via the northeast Asia and Bering Strait to the western part of the North America, along with the springtime westerly jet from TP across the whole North Pacific basin. The TRC wave train modulated by the TP thermal anomaly play a critical role on the early summer surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in the regions along the wave train, especially over the northwest North America and the southern Great Plains. The participant models that fail in capturing the TRC wave train greatly under-predict climate anomalies in reference to observations and the successful models. These results suggest that the TP LST/SUBT anomaly via the TRC wave train is the first order source of the S2S variability in the regions mentioned. Furthermore, the TP surface temperature anomaly can influence the Southern Hemispheric circulation by generating cross-equator wave trains. However, the simulated propagation pathways from the TP into the Southern Hemisphere show large inter-model differences. More dynamical understanding of the TRC wave train as well as its cross-equator propagation into the Southern Hemisphere will be explored in the newly launched LS4P phase II experiment.