BackgroundNeutrophil/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (NHR), monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR), lymphocyte/HDL ratio (LHR), platelet/HDL ratio (PHR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) have been recently investigated as novel inflammatory markers. Herein, the correlation was investigated between these inflammatory biomarkers and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, the hematological parameter data of 216 T2DM patients without PAD (T2DM-WPAD) and 218 T2DM patients with PAD (T2DM-PAD) at Fontaine stages II, III or IV stage had been collected. Differences in NHR, MHR, LHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic potential of these parameters.ResultsThe levels of NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI and AISI in T2DM-PAD patients were significantly higher than in T2DM-WPAD patients (P < 0.001). They were correlated with disease severity. Further, multifactorial logistic regression analyses showed that higher NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI might be independent risk factors for T2DM-PAD (P < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI for T2DM-PAD patients was 0.703, 0.685, 0.606, 0.648, 0.711, and 0.670, respectively. The AUC of the NHR and SIRI combined model was 0.733.ConclusionThe levels of NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were higher in T2DM-PAD patients, and they were independently linked with its clinical severity. The combination model of NHR and SIRI was most valuable for predicting T2DM – PAD.

BackgroundRemnant cholesterol (RC) has been correlated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. It has been confirmed that in the general population, an elevated RC level is related to a 5-fold higher risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Diabetes is one of the strongest risk factors for PAD development. However, the association between RC and PAD in the specific population of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been investigated. Herein, the correlation was investigated between RC and PAD in T2DM patients.MethodsIn the retrospective study, the hematological parameter data of 246 T2DM patients without PAD (T2DM - WPAD) and 270 T2DM patients with PAD (T2DM - PAD) was collected. Differences in RC levels between the two groups were compared, and the association between RC and PAD severity was examined. Multifactorial regression was used to determine whether RC was a significant contributor to the development of T2DM - PAD. The diagnostic potential of RC was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe RC levels in T2DM - PAD individuals were considerably greater than in T2DM - WPAD individuals (P < 0.001). RC had a positive correlation with disease severity. Further, multifactorial logistic regression analyses found that elevated RC levels were a major contributor to T2DM - PAD (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the RC for T2DM - PAD patients was 0.727. The cut-off value of RC was 0.64 mmol/L.ConclusionThe RC levels were higher in T2DM - PAD patients, and were independently linked with its severity. Diabetic patients with RC levels > 0.64 mmol/L had an elevated risk of developing PAD.