Abstract.The performances for controlling a rotating machine by using either an Electromagnetic Actuator or a Piezoelectric Actuator are compared in this work. The aim is to establish selection criteria based on environmental impact. Life Cycle Analysis shows that the operating stage has a considerable impact. In this study, only the operating stage is considered. The energy consumed by the actuators seems to be the appropriate indicator for the same "mechanical" performances. Numerical studies are carried out in order to quantify the energy consumed in each case. Modal control strategy with a fuzzy controller is used. The controller inputs are displacements and velocities. The system studied is modeled by using finite element method and the electrical circuit of each actuator is modeled by using basic electricity and electromagnetism theories. Several configurations are assessed and defined by using the chosen Functional Unit.The results obtained show that both controllers are efficient and enable recommendations for optimal control procedures design for the energy consumed.Keywords: Control, rotordynamics, life cycle analysis, energy consumption Nomenclature a = EMA geometric parameter (Fig. 2), mm b = EMA geometric parameter (Fig. 2), mm c = EMA geometric parameter (Fig. 2), mm C 0 = PEA capacity, F d = EMA geometric parameter (Fig. 2), mm e = effective air gap, mm EMA = electromagnetic actuator f = EMA geometric parameter (Fig. 2), mm

The performances for controlling a rotating machine by using either an Electromagnetic Actuator or a Piezoelectric Actuator are compared in this work. The aim is to establish selection criteria based on environmental impact. Life Cycle Analysis shows that the operating stage has a considerable impact. In this study, only the operating stage is considered. The energy consumed by the actuators seems to be the appropriate indicator for the same “mechanical” performances. Numerical studies are carried out in order to quantify the energy consumed in each case. Modal control strategy with a fuzzy controller is used. The controller inputs are displacements and velocities. The system studied is modeled by using finite element method and the electrical circuit of each actuator is modeled by using basic electricity and electromagnetism theories. Several configurations are assessed and defined by using the chosen Functional Unit. The results obtained show that both controllers are efficient and enable recommendations for optimal control procedures design for the energy consumed.

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Blade optimization is more than ever a crucial activity for helicopter manufacturers, always looking for performance improvements, noise reduction and vibratory comfort increase. Latest studies have led to design new blade concepts including a double swept plan shape, an evolutionary and increased twist angle at the tip and a new layout for internal components like roving spars. Such blades exhibit a highly coupled behavior between torsion, longitudinal and bending motions that should be accurately modeled for predictive numerical tools. In this research a highly accurate beam finite element is formulated in the rotating frame to improve the static deformation calculation under aerodynamic and centrifugal loads and thus enhance dynamic and stability analysis usually performed for a helicopter development. Numerical and experimental investigations are performed to demonstrate the model reliability both for academic beams with extreme shape and for actual blade design.