Dopaminergic neurons regulate and organize numerous important behavioral processes including motor activity. Consistently, manipulation of brain dopamine concentrations changes animal activity levels. Dopamine is synthesized by several neuronal populations in the brain. This study was carried out to directly test whether selective activation of dopamine neurons in the midbrain induces hyperactivity. A pharmacogenetic approach was used to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, and behavioral assays were conducted to determine the effects on mouse activity levels. Transgenic expression of the evolved hM3Dq receptor was achieved by infusing Creinducible AAV viral vectors into the midbrain of DATCre mice. Neurons were excited by injecting the hM3Dq ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Mouse locomotor activity was measured in an open field. The results showed that CNO selectively activated midbrain dopaminergic neurons and induced hyperactivity in a dose-dependent manner, supporting the idea that these neurons play an important role in regulating motor activity.

The Wandashan metallogenic belt in the eastern Heilongjiang Province is a part of the giant circum-Pacific metallogenic belt. The No.258 Hill gold deposit is located at the junction of the Wandashan eugeosyncline and the Sanjiang fault basin, and is one of the most promising magmatic hydrothermal deposits at the northern Wandashan precious and polymetallic metallogenic belt (Mao et al, 2003;Huang, 2010; Qi, 2005; Li, 2011; Xue, 2012).The exposed strata in the No.258 Hill gold deposit consist mainly of Upper Triassic Dajiahe Formation and Lower Jurassic Dalingqiao Formation. The Mesozoic Hamahe granite is the largest intrusions in the mining area and is the host of the gold deposit. In addition, there are numerous stocks of dikes ranging in composition from diorite, diorite porphyrite and gabbro, locally intruding the Hamahe granite. Gold mineralization mainly occurred in the Hamahe granite and altered diorite porphyrite. Previous studies suggest that a close relationship between gold mineralization and the Mesozoic magmatism. The area is marked by numerous NE-directed folds, NW-and NE-direction faults. The NE-striking structure is the most important host structure, which controlled the location and occurrence of the orebodies.The No.258 Hill gold deposit, consists of auriferous quartz veins and sulfide disseminations in hydrothermally altered rocks. The deposit consists of 25 ore bodies that formed four mineralized blocks ranging in length from 100 to 260 m and in width from 20 to 200 m. These ore bodies are parallel to the diorite porphyrite emplaced along the NE-trending fracture, and mostly dip towards NE with a steep angle of > 85°. These ore bodies are roughly 100 m long and 1.0-3.8 m thick with Au grade of 0.62-8.28×10 -6 (averaging 2.66×10 -6 ).Hydrothermal alteration is well developed in the deposit, dominated by silicification, pyritization, sercitization, kaolinization, choloritization and carbonatization. The gold orebodies mainly occur within the zone of silicification, pyritization and sercitization. Geochronology and Geochemistry SamplingTwo monzonitic granite samples of the Hamahe granite (258-N-001 and 258-N-002) and one diorite porphyrite sample (258-N-003) were collected for zircon separation. Seven monzonitic granite and five diorite porphyrite samples were collected from exploratory trenches and drill cores of the No.258 Hill gold deposit for whole-rock geochemistry analyses. U-Pb zircon datingLA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb dating was used to determine the emplacement ages of the monzonitic granite and diorite porphyrite. These ages also provide good constraints on the time of gold mineralization as the intrusive rocks are closely associated with the No.258 Hill gold deposit. The monzonitic granite samples yield concordant U-Pb ages of 122.05 ± 0.72 Ma (258-N-001) and 118.01 ± 0.94 Ma (258-N-002), whereas the diorite porphyrite sample has a U-Pb age of 119.50 ± 1.30 Ma (258-N-003). The results demonstrate that the monzonitic granite and diorite porphyrite were emplaced in the Early Cretaceous, rather ...

The Dongfengshan gold deposit in Heilongjiang Province of China is located at the western margin of the Jiamusi Massif. The mineralization is closely related to the intrusion of the Permian granite porphyry. In this paper, we present new zircon U–Pb ages and whole‐rock geochemical analyses of the granitoids from the Dongfengshan deposit. They are classified as peraluminous high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic A‐type granites, with enrichment in the large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, U, and Th) and depletion in the high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, P, Ti, and Zr) and clear negative Eu anomalies. The zircons from the granite porphyry are both magmatic and hydrothermal, with the former yielding ages of 281.7 ± 3.3 and 282.1 ± 3.5 Ma that represent the timing of crystallization of this Early Permian pluton. The hydrothermal zircons yield an age of 280.5 ± 0.3 Ma, representing the hydrothermal age, which coincide with the emplacement of the igneous rocks. These data suggest that the Early Permian magmatic and mineralization event led to the formation of the Dongfengshan gold deposit. In comparison, zircons from the monzogranite yield a weighted age of 523.0 ± 6.4 Ma, indicating that magmatism of the study area occurred in the Early Cambrian. On the basis of the regional geological history and the new geochemical and isotopic data from intrusions, we suggest that diagenesis and mineralization of the Dongfengshan gold deposit took place in a postcollisional extensional tectonic setting during the Early Permian.