Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in relativistic electron dynamics. In this study, we find a large‐amplitude EMIC wave event induced by the prompt enhancement of solar wind dynamic pressure on 6 November 2015. These large‐amplitude EMIC waves are simultaneously observed by multiple satellites over 13 hr in magnetic local time (MLT) with a peak amplitude of ∼4 nT. Satellites at different locations observed different bands of EMIC waves, implying the importance of background plasma density in EMIC wave generation. Electron pitch angle distributions show obvious responses to EMIC wave activities. During EMIC wave appearance, the fluxes of relativistic electrons with pitch angles around 90° increase, while the fluxes of field‐aligned relativistic electrons decrease, showing distinct “bite‐out” signatures, indicating pitch angle scattering by EMIC waves, and the scattering efficiency depends on the amplitude and polarization of EMIC waves. Combined with phase space density profiles of electrons that are nearly constant at energies below the minimum resonant energy of electrons (Emin) but show dropout at energies above the Emin after EMIC wave activities, we conclude that large‐amplitude EMIC waves can cause rapid electron loss down to several hundred keV. In addition, simultaneous observations of hundreds of keV electron precipitation and tens of keV proton precipitation by Polar Operational Environmental Satellites near the region where EMIC waves are observed, provide direct evidence of relativistic electron precipitation caused by the large‐amplitude EMIC waves, ultimately driven by solar wind structures.

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, commonly observed in Pc 1-2 (0.1-5 Hz) range in the Earth's inner magnetosphere, are excited by temperature anisotropy (T ⊥ > T ∥ ) of energetic (10-100 keV) ions and predominantly left-hand polarized at the frequency below equatorial H + gyrofrequency (

In order to supply basic principles for durability design of concrete structures, the corrosion mechanism of concrete structures under common atmospheric environment was analyzed. The climatic condition of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) which has important impacts on concrete carbonation, was chosen as main factors to grade. On the basis of partition for the influence degrees of temperature and relative humidity on the concrete carbonation, the environmental action in concrete structures was classified with a comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that both temperature and relative humidity can be partitioned into five grades. The concrete carbonation is classified into five grades according to influencing factors of temperature and relative humidity to concrete carbonation levels. The carbonation depth which is calculated with the average of positive temperature and relative humidity is taken as the control index of classification.