Workplaces can be high-risk environments for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent community transmission. Identifying, understanding, and implementing effective workplace SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to protect workers, their families, and communities. A rapid review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures implemented in global workplace settings through April 2021. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 IPC measures. The included studies comprised varying empirical designs and occupational settings. Measures of interest included surveillance measures, outbreak investigations, environmental adjustments, personal protective equipment (PPE), changes in work arrangements, and worker education. Sixty-one studies from healthcare, nursing home, meatpacking, manufacturing, and office settings were included, accounting for ~280,000 employees based in Europe, Asia, and North America. Meta-analyses showed that combined IPC measures resulted in lower employee COVID-19 positivity rates (0.2% positivity; 95% CI 0–0.4%) than single measures such as asymptomatic PCR testing (1.7%; 95% CI 0.9–2.9%) and universal masking (24%; 95% CI 3.4–55.5%). Modelling studies showed that combinations of (i) timely and widespread contact tracing and case isolation, (ii) facilitating smaller worker cohorts, and (iii) effective use of PPE can reduce workplace transmission. Comprehensive COVID-19 IPC measures incorporating swift contact tracing and case isolation, PPE, and facility zoning can effectively prevent workplace outbreaks. Masking alone should not be considered sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in the workplace.

Introduction: Considerable media attention has recently focused on an increased number of professional athletes that experience forced retirement due to severe injuries. Despite the highly completive, physical nature and tolerance of risk in contact sports, no Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) awareness-related measurement instrument exists in professional sports. As part of a wider project, this study aimed to develop a survey instrument to evaluate risk and safety awareness in sports, taking elite rugby (union) as an example. Methods: Based on the identified conceptual framework incorporating theories from the OSH discipline, the survey has been updated for three rounds according to the feedback from a multidisciplinary team of experts before the pilot test. The pilot test data (n=46, response rate 76.7%) were imported to SPSS for analysis and validation. The survey's key themes included health outlook, tackle behavior, awareness of risk acceptance, reasons for risk-taking, and safety consideration for other players. Results: Overall, the survey has a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α= 0.742). Some sections of the survey require a further factor analysis, such as awareness of risk acceptance during the competition (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy - KMO <0.767, p<0.001) and reasons for risk-taking (KMO<0.604, p=0.003). Some sections require a larger sample size for further validation, such as safety consideration for other players (KMO<0.481, p<0.001). Conclusion: This is the first survey that evaluates players' safety and risk awareness in rugby drawing upon OSH concepts. Such a survey has the potential to improve athletes' health and wellbeing by customized educational intervention, which could point the way forward for its application in a wider range of sport settings internationally.

Background Given the limitations in the access and license status of commercially developed automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, open-source AID systems are becoming increasingly popular among people with diabetes, including children and adolescents. Objective This study aimed to investigate the lived experiences and physical and emotional health implications of children and their caregivers following the initiation of open-source AID, their perceived challenges, and sources of support, which have not been explored in the existing literature. Methods Data were collected through 2 sets of open-ended questions from a web-based multinational survey of 60 families from 16 countries. The narratives were thematically analyzed, and a coding framework was identified through iterative alignment. Results A range of emotions and improvements in quality of life and physical health were reported, as open-source AID enabled families to shift their focus away from diabetes therapy. Caregivers were less worried about hypoglycemia at night and outside their family homes, leading to increased autonomy for the child. Simultaneously, the glycemic outcomes and sleep quality of both the children and caregivers improved. Nonetheless, the acquisition of suitable hardware and technical setup could be challenging. The #WeAreNotWaiting community was the primary source of practical and emotional support. Conclusions Our findings show the benefits and transformative impact of open-source AID and peer support on children with diabetes and their caregivers and families, where commercial AID systems are not available or suitable. Further efforts are required to improve the effectiveness and usability and facilitate access for children with diabetes, worldwide, to benefit from this innovative treatment. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/15368

BACKGROUND Given the limitations in access and license status of commercially developed automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, open-source AID systems are becoming increasingly popular amongst people with diabetes, including children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate lived experiences, physical and emotional health implications of children and their caregivers following the initiation of open-source AID, their perceived challenges, and sources of support, which have not been explored by the existing literature. METHODS Data were collected through two sets of open-ended questions of a web-based multinational study survey from 60 families from 16 countries. The narratives were thematically analysed and a coding framework was identified through an iterative alignment. RESULTS A range of emotions, improvements of quality of life and physical health were reported as open-source AID enabled the families to shift their focus away from diabetes therapy. Caregivers were less worried about hypoglycemia at night-time and outside of their family home, leading to increased autonomy for the child. Simultaneously, glycemic outcomes and sleep quality of both child and caregiver improved. Nonetheless, the acquisition of suitable hardware and technical set-up could be challenging. The #WeAreNotWaiting community was the primary source of practical but also emotional support. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the benefits and transformative impact open-source AID and peer-support have on children with diabetes, their caregivers, and families, where commercial AID systems are not available or suitable. Further efforts are required to improve effectiveness, usability, and facilitate access for children with diabetes worldwide to benefit from this innovative treatment. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/15368

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that commercially developed automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have recently been approved and become available in a limited number of countries, they are not universally available, accessible, or affordable. Therefore, ‘open-source’ AID systems, co-created by an online community of people with diabetes (PwD) and their families behind the hashtag ‘#WeAreNotWaiting’, have become increasingly popular. OBJECTIVE This study focused on lived experiences, physical and emotional health implications of PwD following the initiation of open-source AID, their perceived challenges, and sources of support, which have not been explored by the existing literature. METHODS Data were collected from 383 participants across 29 countries through two sets of open-ended questions of a web-based survey regarding their experience of building and using open-source AID. Narratives were thematically analyzed and a coding framework was identified through iterative alignment. RESULTS Improvements in glycemia, physical health, sleep quality, emotional impact on everyday life and quality of life were consistently reported. Knowledge of open-source AID was largely obtained through the #WeAreNotWaiting community, which was also the primary source of practical and emotional support. Acquisition of the components to build open-source AID and technical set-up were sometimes problematic. CONCLUSIONS The #WeAreNotWaiting movement represents a primary example of how informed and connected patients proactively address their unmet needs, provide peer-support to each other and result in impactful user-driven solutions. Alongside evidence on the safety and efficacy of open-source AID, this qualitative analysis helps understand how patients’ experience and benefits range from psychosocial improvements to a reduction in the burden of managing diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/15368