Electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) reduction represents a sustainable route from the point of view of environmental protection and ammonia generation. However, conversion from NO to ammonia under low NO concentrations is still a big challenge. Herein, Ru nanosheets with low coordination numbers (Ru-LCN) are prepared and exhibit high performance for electrocatalytic NO (1% v/v) reduction to ammonia under −0.2 V vs RHE (Faradaic efficiency, 65.96%; yield rate, 45.02 μmol•h −1 •mg cat −1 ), obviously outperforming its counterpart of high coordination number Ru nanosheets (Faradaic efficiency, 37.25%; yield rate, 25.57 μmol•h −1 •mg −1 ). Colorimetric methods and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are performed to quantify ammonia. Through the combination of online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, the possible reaction pathway and enhanced mechanism are revealed. Constructing low coordination number Ru active sites is conducive to facilitating the adsorption of NO and reducing the reaction energy barrier of the potential-determining hydrogenation step.

Background COVID-19 and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are two very important diseases. However, relevant researches about how COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the epidemiological trend of STDs are limited in China. This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on STDs in China and proposed relevant recommendations to be used in bettering health. Methods The incidence of HIV infection, syphilis and gonorrhea in China from 2008 to 2020 were collected. Grey Model (1,1) were established to predict the incidence of STDs with the incidence data of these three STDs from 2013 to 2018 considering the impact of policies in China, respectively. We then calculated the predictive incidence of each STD in 2019, 2020 and 2021 by the established Model. And we estimated the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiological changes of STDs by analyzing the difference between the absolute percentage error (APE) of the predictive incidence and actual rate in 2019 and 2020. Results The incidence of HIV infection and syphilis showed a trend of increase from 2008 to 2019 in China, but that for gonorrhea was fluctuant. Of note, the incidence of these three STDs decreased significantly in 2020 compared with that in 2019. The APE of HIV infection, syphilis and gonorrhea in 2020 (20.54%, 15.45% and 60.88%) were about 7 times, 4 times and 2 times of that in 2019 (2.94%, 4.07% and 30.41%). The incidence of HIV infection, syphilis and gonorrhea would be 5.77/100,000, 39.64/100,000 and 13.19/100,000 in 2021 based on our model. Conclusions The epidemiological trend of STDs in China was significant influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to balance the control of COVID-19 and timely management of STDs during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent or reduce the poor outcome among COVID-19 patients with STDs. New management strategies on STDs, such as leveraging social media, online medical care, rapid self-testing, timely diagnosis and treatment guarantee and balance of medical resources for STDs management should be adapted in the context of the long-term effects of COVID-19.